DBMS > Ingres vs. Kinetica vs. Lovefield vs. RDF4J

System Properties Comparison Ingres vs. Kinetica vs. Lovefield vs. RDF4J

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Well established RDBMS

Fully vectorized database across both GPUs and CPUs

Embeddable relational database for web apps written in pure JavaScript

RDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

RDF store

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	4.11
Rank	#81	Overall
	#44	Relational DBMS

Score	0.64
Rank	#236	Overall
	#109	Relational DBMS

Score	0.29
Rank	#293	Overall
	#133	Relational DBMS

Score	0.69
Rank	#230	Overall
	#9	RDF stores

Website

www.actian.com/databases/ingres

www.kinetica.com

google.github.io/lovefield

rdf4j.org

Technical documentation

docs.actian.com/ingres

docs.kinetica.com

github.com/google/lovefield/blob/master/docs/spec_index.md

rdf4j.org/documentation

Developer

Actian Corporation

Kinetica

Google

Since 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.

Initial release

1974

originally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s

2012

2014

2004

Current release

11.2, May 2022

7.1, August 2021

2.1.12, February 2017

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

Eclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C, C++

JavaScript

Java

Server operating systems

AIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows

Linux

server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js)

tested with Chrome, Firefox, IE, Safari

Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows

Data scheme

yes

RDF Schemas

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

but tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files available

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

SQL-like query language

via JavaScript builder pattern

APIs and other access methods

.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)

JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

Java API
RIO

RDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL

Sesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL

Supported programming languages

C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

JavaScript

Java
PHP
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions

yes

Triggers

yes

triggers when inserted values for one or more columns fall within a specified range

Using read-only observers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

horizontal partitioning

Ingres Star to access multiple databases simultaneously

Sharding

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Ingres Replicator

Source-replica replication

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configuration

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Isolation support depends on the API used

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

MVCC

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

yes, by using IndexedDB or the cloud service Firebase Realtime Database

yes

in-memory storage is supported as well

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

GPU vRAM or System RAM

yes

using MemoryDB

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Access rights for users and roles on table level

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