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DBMS > Ingres vs. IRONdb vs. Prometheus vs. RDF4J vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison Ingres vs. IRONdb vs. Prometheus vs. RDF4J vs. Virtuoso

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameIngres  Xexclude from comparisonIRONdb  Xexclude from comparisonPrometheus  Xexclude from comparisonRDF4J infoformerly known as Sesame  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
IRONdb seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionWell established RDBMSA distributed Time Series DBMS with a focus on scalability, fault tolerance and operational simplicityOpen-source Time Series DBMS and monitoring systemRDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.Virtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelRelational DBMSTime Series DBMSTime Series DBMSRDF storeDocument store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score4.11
Rank#81  Overall
#44  Relational DBMS
Score8.42
Rank#47  Overall
#2  Time Series DBMS
Score0.69
Rank#230  Overall
#9  RDF stores
Score4.26
Rank#78  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#42  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websitewww.actian.com/­databases/­ingreswww.circonus.com/solutions/time-series-database/prometheus.iordf4j.orgvirtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationdocs.actian.com/­ingresdocs.circonus.com/irondb/category/getting-startedprometheus.io/­docsrdf4j.org/­documentationdocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
DeveloperActian CorporationCirconus LLC.Since 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.OpenLink Software
Initial release1974 infooriginally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s2017201520041998
Current release11.2, May 2022V0.10.20, January 20187.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialcommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoEclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.Open Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageCC and C++GoJavaC
Server operating systemsAIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
LinuxLinux
Windows
Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows
AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesyes infoRDF Schemasyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyes infotext, numeric, histogramsNumeric data onlyyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.no infobut tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files availablenono infoImport of XML data possibleyes
Secondary indexesyesnonoyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesSQL-like query language (Circonus Analytics Query Language: CAQL)nonoyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methods.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)
HTTP APIRESTful HTTP/JSON APIJava API
RIO infoRDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL infoSesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
Lua
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Scala
.Net
C++
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Ruby
Java
PHP
Python
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesyes, in Luanoyesyes infoVirtuoso PL
Triggersyesnonoyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodeshorizontal partitioning infoIngres Star to access multiple databases simultaneouslyAutomatic, metric affinity per nodeShardingnoneyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesIngres Replicatorconfigurable replication factor, datacenter awareyes infoby FederationnoneChain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate consistency per node, eventual consistency across nodesnoneImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnonoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnonoACID infoIsolation support depends on the API usedACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes infoMVCCyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes infoin-memory storage is supported as wellyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nononoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnononoFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
IngresIRONdbPrometheusRDF4J infoformerly known as SesameVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsVirtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesPerformance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
» more
Typical application scenariosUsed for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customersBroad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricsLargest installed-base ​of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsAvailable in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more

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More resources
IngresIRONdbPrometheusRDF4J infoformerly known as SesameVirtuoso
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