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DBMS > HyperSQL vs. IRONdb vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics

System Properties Comparison HyperSQL vs. IRONdb vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDB  Xexclude from comparisonIRONdb  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparison
IRONdb seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionMultithreaded, transactional RDBMS written in Java infoalso known as HSQLDBA distributed Time Series DBMS with a focus on scalability, fault tolerance and operational simplicityFully managed big data interactive analytics platformElastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL Server
Primary database modelRelational DBMSTime Series DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score3.14
Rank#85  Overall
#46  Relational DBMS
Score3.28
Rank#83  Overall
#45  Relational DBMS
Score18.98
Rank#31  Overall
#19  Relational DBMS
Websitehsqldb.orgwww.circonus.com/solutions/time-series-database/azure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analytics
Technical documentationhsqldb.org/­web/­hsqlDocsFrame.htmldocs.circonus.com/irondb/category/getting-starteddocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerdocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analytics
DeveloperCirconus LLC.MicrosoftMicrosoft
Initial release2001201720192016
Current release2.7.2, June 2023V0.10.20, January 2018cloud service with continuous releases
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infobased on BSD licensecommercialcommercialcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaC and C++C++
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VM infoEmbedded (into Java applications) and Client-Server operating modesLinuxhostedhosted
Data schemeyesschema-freeFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyes infotext, numeric, histogramsyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesno
Secondary indexesyesnoall fields are automatically indexedyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesSQL-like query language (Circonus Analytics Query Language: CAQL)Kusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetyes
APIs and other access methodsHTTP API infoJDBC via HTTP
JDBC
ODBC
HTTP APIMicrosoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBC
Java
.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
Lua
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Scala
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
C#
Java
PHP
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresJava, SQLyes, in LuaYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, RTransact SQL
Triggersyesnoyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneAutomatic, metric affinity per nodeSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceSharding, horizontal partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnoneconfigurable replication factor, datacenter awareyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.yes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate consistency per node, eventual consistency across nodesEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnonono infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraints
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnonoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnono
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnoAzure Active Directory Authenticationyes

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More resources
HyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDBIRONdbMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse
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