DBMS > Hive vs. MySQL vs. Spark SQL vs. ToroDB vs. Vitess

System Properties Comparison Hive vs. MySQL vs. Spark SQL vs. ToroDB vs. Vitess

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.

Description

data warehouse software for querying and managing large distributed datasets, built on Hadoop

Widely used open source RDBMS

Spark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processing

A MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL

Scalable, distributed, cloud-native DBMS, extending MySQL

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Key/Value like access via memcached API

Relational DBMS

Document store

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	61.17
Rank	#18	Overall
	#12	Relational DBMS

Score	1083.74
Rank	#2	Overall
	#2	Relational DBMS

Score	18.96
Rank	#33	Overall
	#20	Relational DBMS

Score	0.82
Rank	#209	Overall
	#97	Relational DBMS

Website

hive.apache.org

www.mysql.com

spark.apache.org/sql

github.com/torodb/server

vitess.io

Technical documentation

cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/Hive/Home

dev.mysql.com/doc

spark.apache.org/docs/latest/sql-programming-guide.html

vitess.io/docs

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

initially developed by Facebook

Oracle

since 2010, originally MySQL AB, then Sun

Apache Software Foundation

8Kdata

The Linux Foundation, PlanetScale

Initial release

2012

1995

2014

2016

2013

Current release

3.1.3, April 2022

8.4.0, April 2024

3.5.0 ( 2.13), September 2023

15.0.2, December 2022

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2

Open Source

GPL version 2. Commercial licenses with extended functionallity are available

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

AGPL-V3

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0, commercial licenses available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

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Implementation language

Java

C and C++

Scala

Java

Server operating systems

All OS with a Java VM

FreeBSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows

Linux
OS X
Windows

All OS with a Java 7 VM

Docker
Linux
macOS

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

string, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

yes

with proprietary extensions

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

yes

with proprietary extensions

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC
Thrift

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary native API

JDBC
ODBC

ADO.NET
JDBC
MySQL protocol
ODBC

Supported programming languages

C++
Java
PHP
Python

Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl

Java
Python
R
Scala

Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions and integration of map-reduce

yes

proprietary syntax

yes

proprietary syntax

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

horizontal partitioning, sharding with MySQL Cluster or MySQL Fabric

yes, utilizing Spark Core

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

selectable replication factor

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

none

Source-replica replication

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

query execution via MapReduce

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency across shards
Immediate Consistency within a shard

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

not for MyISAM storage engine

yes

not for MyISAM storage engine

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

not for MyISAM storage engine

ACID at shard level

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

table locks or row locks depending on storage engine

yes

table locks or row locks depending on storage engine

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users, groups and roles

Users with fine-grained authorization concept

no user groups or roles

Access rights for users and roles

Users with fine-grained authorization concept

no user groups or roles

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