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DBMS > Hive vs. HyperSQL vs. IRONdb vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. RDF4J

System Properties Comparison Hive vs. HyperSQL vs. IRONdb vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. RDF4J

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameHive  Xexclude from comparisonHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDB  Xexclude from comparisonIRONdb  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonRDF4J infoformerly known as Sesame  Xexclude from comparison
IRONdb seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
Descriptiondata warehouse software for querying and managing large distributed datasets, built on HadoopMultithreaded, transactional RDBMS written in Java infoalso known as HSQLDBA distributed Time Series DBMS with a focus on scalability, fault tolerance and operational simplicityFully managed big data interactive analytics platformRDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSTime Series DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedRDF store
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score61.17
Rank#18  Overall
#12  Relational DBMS
Score3.49
Rank#87  Overall
#47  Relational DBMS
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Score0.69
Rank#230  Overall
#9  RDF stores
Websitehive.apache.orghsqldb.orgwww.circonus.com/solutions/time-series-database/azure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerrdf4j.org
Technical documentationcwiki.apache.org/­confluence/­display/­Hive/­Homehsqldb.org/­web/­hsqlDocsFrame.htmldocs.circonus.com/irondb/category/getting-starteddocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerrdf4j.org/­documentation
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoinitially developed by FacebookCirconus LLC.MicrosoftSince 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.
Initial release20122001201720192004
Current release3.1.3, April 20222.7.2, June 2023V0.10.20, January 2018cloud service with continuous releases
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infobased on BSD licensecommercialcommercialOpen Source infoEclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaJavaC and C++Java
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VMAll OS with a Java VM infoEmbedded (into Java applications) and Client-Server operating modesLinuxhostedLinux
OS X
Unix
Windows
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yes infoRDF Schemas
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infotext, numeric, histogramsyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyes
Secondary indexesyesyesnoall fields are automatically indexedyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyesSQL-like query language (Circonus Analytics Query Language: CAQL)Kusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetno
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
Thrift
HTTP API infoJDBC via HTTP
JDBC
ODBC
HTTP APIMicrosoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
Java API
RIO infoRDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL infoSesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL
Supported programming languagesC++
Java
PHP
Python
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC
Java
.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
Lua
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Scala
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
Java
PHP
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceJava, SQLyes, in LuaYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Ryes
Triggersnoyesnoyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnoneAutomatic, metric affinity per nodeSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factornoneconfigurable replication factor, datacenter awareyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.none
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReducenonoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate consistency per node, eventual consistency across nodesEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesnono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDnonoACID infoIsolation support depends on the API used
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes infoin-memory storage is supported as well
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and rolesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnoAzure Active Directory Authenticationno

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More resources
HiveHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDBIRONdbMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerRDF4J infoformerly known as Sesame
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