DBMS > Heroic vs. SpaceTime vs. Titan vs. ToroDB vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison Heroic vs. SpaceTime vs. Titan vs. ToroDB vs. Virtuoso

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Titan has been decommisioned after the takeover by Datastax. It will be removed from the DB-Engines ranking. A fork has been open-sourced as JanusGraph.

ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.

Description

Time Series DBMS built at Spotify based on Cassandra or Google Cloud Bigtable, and ElasticSearch

SpaceTime is a spatio-temporal DBMS with a focus on performance.

Titan is a Graph DBMS optimized for distributed clusters.

A MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL

Virtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs

Primary database model

Document store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine

Secondary database models

Relational DBMS

Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	0.02
Rank	#368	Overall
	#38	Time Series DBMS

Score	0.00
Rank	#386	Overall
	#7	Spatial DBMS

Score	3.87
Rank	#73	Overall
	#13	Document stores
	#4	Graph DBMS
	#2	Native XML DBMS
	#39	Relational DBMS
	#2	RDF stores
	#9	Search engines

Website

github.com/spotify/heroic

www.mireo.com/spacetime

github.com/thinkaurelius/titan

github.com/torodb/server

virtuoso.openlinksw.com

Technical documentation

spotify.github.io/heroic

github.com/thinkaurelius/titan/wiki

docs.openlinksw.com/virtuoso

Developer

Spotify

Mireo

Aurelius, owned by DataStax

8Kdata

OpenLink Software

Initial release

2014

2020

2012

2016

1998

Current release

7.2.11, September 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache 2.0

commercial

Open Source

Apache license, version 2.0

Open Source

AGPL-V3

Open Source

GPLv2, extended commercial license available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

C++

Java

Server operating systems

Linux

Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows

All OS with a Java 7 VM

AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

schema-free

yes

SQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

string, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

via Elasticsearch

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

A subset of ANSI SQL is implemented

yes

SQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX

APIs and other access methods

HQL (Heroic Query Language, a JSON-based language)
HTTP API

RESTful HTTP API

Java API
TinkerPop Blueprints
TinkerPop Frames
TinkerPop Gremlin
TinkerPop Rexster

ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT

Supported programming languages

C#
C++
Python

Clojure
Java
Python

.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Virtuoso PL

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

Fixed-grid hypercubes

yes

via pluggable storage backends

Sharding

yes

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes

Real-time block device replication (DRBD)

yes

Source-replica replication

Chain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

via Faunus, a graph analytics engine

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Relationships in graph

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

Supports various storage backends: Cassandra, HBase, Berkeley DB, Akiban, Hazelcast

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

yes

User authentification and security via Rexster Graph Server

Access rights for users and roles

Fine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)

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More resources

DB-Engines blog posts

Graph DBMS increased their popularity by 500% within the last 2 years
3 March 2015, Paul Andlinger

Graph DBMSs are gaining in popularity faster than any other database category
21 January 2014, Matthias Gelbmann

show all

Recent citations in the news

How Code Wizards load tested Heroic Labs’ Nakama to two million concurrent players with AWS
1 October 2024, AWS Blog

provided by Google News

Building a Graph Database on AWS Using Amazon DynamoDB and Titan
22 October 2015, AWS Blog

Titan Graph Database Integration with DynamoDB: World-class Performance, Availability, and Scale for New Workloads
20 August 2015, All Things Distributed

JanusGraph Picks Up Where TitanDB Left Off
13 January 2017, Datanami

Graph database technology starts to come of age beyond social media
17 May 2016, ComputerWeekly.com

Amazon DynamoDB Storage Backend for Titan: Distributed Graph Database
24 August 2015, AWS Blog

provided by Google News

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