DBMS > H2GIS vs. Milvus vs. openGauss vs. Weaviate vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison H2GIS vs. Milvus vs. openGauss vs. Weaviate vs. XTDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Spatial extension of H2

A DBMS designed for efficient storage of vector data and vector similarity searches

An enterprise-class RDBMS compatible with high-performance, high-availability and high-performance originally developed by Huawei

An AI-native realtime vector database engine that integrates scalable machine learning models.

A general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Relational DBMS

Document store
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	0.00
Rank	#383	Overall
	#7	Spatial DBMS

Score	2.31
Rank	#113	Overall
	#3	Vector DBMS

Score	1.08
Rank	#183	Overall
	#84	Relational DBMS

Score	1.73
Rank	#143	Overall
	#5	Vector DBMS

Score	0.11
Rank	#343	Overall
	#46	Document stores

Website

www.h2gis.org

milvus.io

gitee.com/opengauss
opengauss.org

github.com/weaviate/weaviate
weaviate.io

github.com/xtdb/xtdb
www.xtdb.com

Technical documentation

www.h2gis.org/docs/home

milvus.io/docs/overview.md

docs.opengauss.org/en
gitee.com/opengauss/docs

weaviate.io/developers/weaviate

www.xtdb.com/docs

Developer

CNRS

Huawei and openGauss community

Weaviate B.V.

Juxt Ltd.

Initial release

2013

2019

Current release

2.3.4, January 2024

3.0, March 2022

1.19, May 2023

1.19, September 2021

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

LGPL 3.0

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

commercial license available with Weaviate Enterprise

Open Source

MIT License

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Zilliz Cloud – Cloud-native service for Milvus

Implementation language

Java

C++, Go

C, C++, Java

Clojure

Server operating systems

Linux
macOS

10.14 or later
Windows

with WSL 2 enabled

Linux

All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux

Data scheme

yes

yes, maps to GraphQL interface

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

Vector, Numeric and String

yes

string, int, float, geo point, date, cross reference, fuzzy references

yes, extensible-data-notation format

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

yes

all data objects are indexed in a semantic vector space (the Contextionary), all primitive fields are indexed

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

ANSI SQL 2011

GraphQL is used as query language

limited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite

APIs and other access methods

RESTful HTTP API

JDBC
ODBC

GraphQL query language
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

HTTP REST
JDBC

Supported programming languages

Java

C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

C
C++
Java

JavaScript / TypeScript
Python

Clojure
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

based on H2

yes

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

horizontal partitioning (by range, list and hash)

Sharding

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes

based on H2

Source-replica replication

yes

yes, each node contains all data

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Bounded Staleness
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Session Consistency
Tunable Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

yes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

yes

based on H2

Role based access control and fine grained access rights

Access rights for users, groups and roles according to SQL-standard

API Keys
OpenID Connect Discovery

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

Milvus is an open-source and cloud-native vector database built for production-ready...
» more

Weaviate is an open source vector database that is robust, scalable, cloud-native,...
» more

Competitive advantages

Highly available, versatile, and robust with millisecond latency. Supports batch...
» more

Flexible deployment - Free, open source or fully-managed cloud vector database service...
» more

Typical application scenarios

RAG: retrieval augmented generation Video media : video understanding, video deduplication....
» more

As a database supporting the development of generative AI and semantic search applications...
» more

Key customers

Milvus is trusted by thousands of enterprises, including PayPal, eBay, IKEA, LINE,...
» more

All companies that have data.
» more

Market metrics

As of January 2024, 25k+ GitHub stars 10M+ downloads and installations 3k+ enterprise...
» more

As of mid 2023: Over 2 million open source downloads 3500+ Weaviate Slack community...
» more

Licensing and pricing models

Milvus was released under the open-source Apache License 2.0 in October 2019. Fully-managed...
» more

Weaviate is open-source, and free to use. Weaviate is also available as a fully managed...
» more

We invite representatives of system vendors to contact us for updating and extending the system information,
and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.

Related products and services

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More resources

DB-Engines blog posts

Vector databases
2 June 2023, Matthias Gelbmann

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Weaviate, an ANN Database with CRUD support
2 February 2021, Etienne Dilocker, SeMI Technologies (sponsor)

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Recent citations in the news

How NVIDIA GPU Acceleration Supercharged Milvus Vector Database
26 March 2024, The New Stack

AI-Powered Search Engine With Milvus Vector Database on Vultr
31 January 2024, SitePoint

Milvus 2.4 Unveils Game-Changing Features for Enhanced Vector Search
20 March 2024, GlobeNewswire

Zilliz Unveils Game-Changing Features for Vector Search
22 March 2024, Datanami

IBM watsonx.data’s integrated vector database: unify, prepare, and deliver your data for AI
9 April 2024, IBM

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openGauss Open Source Community Officially Launch
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The openGauss powers database industry forward through innovation
6 January 2022, Global Times

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17 December 2023, Foley & Lardner LLP

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18 July 2023, Towards Data Science

Weaviate Raises $50 Million Series B Funding to Meet Soaring Demand for AI Native Vector Database Technology ...
21 April 2023, PR Newswire

provided by Google News

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