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DBMS > H2 vs. SurrealDB vs. Weaviate vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison H2 vs. SurrealDB vs. Weaviate vs. XTDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameH2  Xexclude from comparisonSurrealDB  Xexclude from comparisonWeaviate  Xexclude from comparisonXTDB infoformerly named Crux  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionFull-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.A fully ACID transactional, developer-friendly, multi-model DBMSAn AI-native realtime vector database engine that integrates scalable machine learning models.A general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries
Primary database modelRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Vector DBMSDocument store
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score8.33
Rank#46  Overall
#30  Relational DBMS
Score1.02
Rank#190  Overall
#33  Document stores
#18  Graph DBMS
Score1.52
Rank#153  Overall
#5  Vector DBMS
Score0.18
Rank#332  Overall
#46  Document stores
Websitewww.h2database.comsurrealdb.comgithub.com/­weaviate/­weaviate
weaviate.io
github.com/­xtdb/­xtdb
www.xtdb.com
Technical documentationwww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmlsurrealdb.com/­docsweaviate.io/­developers/­weaviatewww.xtdb.com/­docs
DeveloperThomas MuellerSurrealDB LtdWeaviate B.V.Juxt Ltd.
Initial release2005202220192019
Current release2.2.220, July 2023v1.5.0, May 20241.19, May 20231.19, September 2021
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)Open SourceOpen Source infocommercial license available with Weaviate EnterpriseOpen Source infoMIT License
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJavaRustGoClojure
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VMLinux
macOS
Windows
All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux
Data schemeyesschema-freeyes, maps to GraphQL interfaceschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infostring, int, float, geo point, date, cross reference, fuzzy referencesyes, extensible-data-notation format
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonono
Secondary indexesyesyes infoall data objects are indexed in a semantic vector space (the Contextionary), all primitive fields are indexedyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesSQL-like query languageGraphQL is used as query languagelimited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
GraphQL
RESTful HTTP API
WebSocket
GraphQL query language
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
HTTP REST
JDBC
Supported programming languagesJavaDeno
Go
JavaScript (Node.js)
Rust
JavaScript / TypeScript
Python
Clojure
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functionsnono
Triggersyesnono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databaseyesyes, each node contains all data
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyes, based on authentication and database rulesAPI Keys
OpenID Connect Discovery
More information provided by the system vendor
H2SurrealDBWeaviateXTDB infoformerly named Crux
Specific characteristicsWeaviate is an open source vector database that is robust, scalable, cloud-native,...
» more
Competitive advantagesFlexible deployment - Free, open source or fully-managed cloud vector database service...
» more
Typical application scenariosAs a database supporting the development of generative AI and semantic search applications...
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Key customersAll companies that have data. ​
» more
Market metricsAs of mid 2023: Over 2 million open source downloads 3500+ Weaviate Slack community...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsWeaviate is open-source, and free to use. Weaviate is also available as a fully managed...
» more

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More resources
H2SurrealDBWeaviateXTDB infoformerly named Crux
DB-Engines blog posts

Weaviate, an ANN Database with CRUD support
2 February 2021,  Etienne Dilocker, SeMI Technologies (sponsor) 

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