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DBMS > H2 vs. Prometheus vs. Virtuoso vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison H2 vs. Prometheus vs. Virtuoso vs. XTDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameH2  Xexclude from comparisonPrometheus  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparisonXTDB infoformerly named Crux  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionFull-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.Open-source Time Series DBMS and monitoring systemVirtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphsA general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries
Primary database modelRelational DBMSTime Series DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Document store
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score8.22
Rank#50  Overall
#32  Relational DBMS
Score7.92
Rank#51  Overall
#2  Time Series DBMS
Score4.20
Rank#83  Overall
#14  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#45  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Score0.09
Rank#351  Overall
#47  Document stores
Websitewww.h2database.comprometheus.iovirtuoso.openlinksw.comgithub.com/­xtdb/­xtdb
www.xtdb.com
Technical documentationwww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmlprometheus.io/­docsdocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuosowww.xtdb.com/­docs
DeveloperThomas MuellerOpenLink SoftwareJuxt Ltd.
Initial release2005201519982019
Current release2.2.220, July 20237.2.11, September 20231.19, September 2021
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)Open Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license availableOpen Source infoMIT License
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJavaGoCClojure
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VMLinux
Windows
AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux
Data schemeyesyesyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
schema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesNumeric data onlyyesyes, extensible-data-notation format
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nono infoImport of XML data possibleyesno
Secondary indexesyesnoyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesnoyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLXlimited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON APIADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
HTTP REST
JDBC
Supported programming languagesJava.Net
C++
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Ruby
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Clojure
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functionsnoyes infoVirtuoso PLno
Triggersyesnoyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingyesnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databaseyes infoby FederationChain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
yes, each node contains all data
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoyesno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencynoneImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnoFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
H2PrometheusVirtuosoXTDB infoformerly named Crux
Specific characteristicsVirtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesPerformance & Scale โ€” as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
» more
Typical application scenariosUsed for โ€” Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customersBroad use across enterprises and governments including โ€” European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricsLargest installed-base โ€‹of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsAvailable in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more

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More resources
H2PrometheusVirtuosoXTDB infoformerly named Crux
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