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DBMS > H2 vs. Pinecone vs. RavenDB vs. Stardog

System Properties Comparison H2 vs. Pinecone vs. RavenDB vs. Stardog

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameH2  Xexclude from comparisonPinecone  Xexclude from comparisonRavenDB  Xexclude from comparisonStardog  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionFull-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.A managed, cloud-native vector databaseOpen Source Operational and Transactional Enterprise NoSQL Document DatabaseEnterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualization
Primary database modelRelational DBMSVector DBMSDocument storeGraph DBMS
RDF store
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSGraph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score8.33
Rank#46  Overall
#30  Relational DBMS
Score3.23
Rank#92  Overall
#3  Vector DBMS
Score2.84
Rank#101  Overall
#18  Document stores
Score2.07
Rank#122  Overall
#11  Graph DBMS
#6  RDF stores
Websitewww.h2database.comwww.pinecone.ioravendb.netwww.stardog.com
Technical documentationwww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmldocs.pinecone.io/­docs/­overviewravendb.net/­docsdocs.stardog.com
DeveloperThomas MuellerPinecone Systems, IncHibernating RhinosStardog-Union
Initial release2005201920102010
Current release2.2.220, July 20235.4, July 20227.3.0, May 2020
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)commercialOpen Source infoAGPL version 3, commercial license availablecommercial info60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/students
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaC#Java
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VMhostedLinux
macOS
Raspberry Pi
Windows
Linux
macOS
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesString, Number, Booleannoyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonono infoImport/export of XML data possible
Secondary indexesyesyesyes infosupports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatial
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesnoSQL-like query language (RQL)Yes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Server
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API.NET Client API
F# Client API
Go Client API
Java Client API
NodeJS Client API
PHP Client API
Python Client API
RESTful HTTP API
GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3
Supported programming languagesJavaPython.Net
C#
F#
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functionsyesuser defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Java
Triggersyesyesyes infovia event handlers
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databaseMulti-source replicationMulti-source replication in HA-Cluster
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoyesno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyDefault ACID transactions on the local node (eventually consistent across the cluster). Atomic operations with cluster-wide ACID transactions. Eventual consistency for indexes and full-text search indexes.Immediate Consistency in HA-Cluster
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyes inforelationships in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACID, Cluster-wide transaction availableACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAuthorization levels configured per client per databaseAccess rights for users and roles

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More resources
H2PineconeRavenDBStardog
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