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DBMS > H2 vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. RDFox vs. RRDtool

System Properties Comparison H2 vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. RDFox vs. RRDtool

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameH2  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonRDFox  Xexclude from comparisonRRDtool  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionFull-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.Fully managed big data interactive analytics platformHigh performance knowledge graph and semantic reasoning engineIndustry standard data logging and graphing tool for time series data. RRD is an acronym for round-robin database. infoThe data is stored in a circular buffer, thus the system storage footprint remains constant over time.
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedGraph DBMS
RDF store
Time Series DBMS
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Relational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score8.13
Rank#49  Overall
#31  Relational DBMS
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Score0.23
Rank#308  Overall
#25  Graph DBMS
#14  RDF stores
Score1.87
Rank#136  Overall
#11  Time Series DBMS
Websitewww.h2database.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerwww.oxfordsemantic.techoss.oetiker.ch/­rrdtool
Technical documentationwww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmldocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerdocs.oxfordsemantic.techoss.oetiker.ch/­rrdtool/­doc
DeveloperThomas MuellerMicrosoftOxford Semantic TechnologiesTobias Oetiker
Initial release2005201920171999
Current release2.2.220, July 2023cloud service with continuous releases6.0, Septermber 20221.8.0, 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)commercialcommercialOpen Source infoGPL V2 and FLOSS
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaC++C infoImplementations in Java (e.g. RRD4J) and C# available
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VMhostedLinux
macOS
Windows
HP-UX
Linux
Data schemeyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yes infoRDF schemasyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyesNumeric data only
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesno infoExporting into and restoring from XML files possible
Secondary indexesyesall fields are automatically indexedno
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetnono
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL 1.1
in-process shared library
Pipes
Supported programming languagesJava.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
C
Java
C infowith librrd library
C# infowith a different implementation of RRDTool
Java infowith a different implementation of RRDTool
JavaScript (Node.js) infowith a different implementation of RRDTool
Lua
Perl
PHP infowith a wrapper library
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined FunctionsYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Rno
Triggersyesyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databaseyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.replication via a shared file systemnone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode, Eventual Consistency in replicated setupsnone
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyes infoby using the rrdcached daemon
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnoyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAzure Active Directory AuthenticationRoles, resources, and access typesno

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More resources
H2Microsoft Azure Data ExplorerRDFoxRRDtool
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