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DBMS > H2 vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Prometheus vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison H2 vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Prometheus vs. XTDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameH2  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonPrometheus  Xexclude from comparisonXTDB infoformerly named Crux  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionFull-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.Fully managed big data interactive analytics platformOpen-source Time Series DBMS and monitoring systemA general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedTime Series DBMSDocument store
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score8.22
Rank#50  Overall
#32  Relational DBMS
Score5.16
Rank#69  Overall
#37  Relational DBMS
Score7.92
Rank#51  Overall
#2  Time Series DBMS
Score0.09
Rank#351  Overall
#47  Document stores
Websitewww.h2database.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerprometheus.iogithub.com/­xtdb/­xtdb
www.xtdb.com
Technical documentationwww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmldocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerprometheus.io/­docswww.xtdb.com/­docs
DeveloperThomas MuellerMicrosoftJuxt Ltd.
Initial release2005201920152019
Current release2.2.220, July 2023cloud service with continuous releases1.19, September 2021
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)commercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoMIT License
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJavaGoClojure
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VMhostedLinux
Windows
All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux
Data schemeyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesNumeric data onlyyes, extensible-data-notation format
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesno infoImport of XML data possibleno
Secondary indexesyesall fields are automatically indexednoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetnolimited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
RESTful HTTP/JSON APIHTTP REST
JDBC
Supported programming languagesJava.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
.Net
C++
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Ruby
Clojure
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined FunctionsYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Rnono
Triggersyesyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicynono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceShardingnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databaseyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.yes infoby Federationyes, each node contains all data
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparknono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
none
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnonono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnonoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnono
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAzure Active Directory Authenticationno

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More resources
H2Microsoft Azure Data ExplorerPrometheusXTDB infoformerly named Crux
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