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DBMS > H2 vs. MarkLogic vs. Milvus vs. NuoDB vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison H2 vs. MarkLogic vs. Milvus vs. NuoDB vs. Virtuoso

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameH2  Xexclude from comparisonMarkLogic  Xexclude from comparisonMilvus  Xexclude from comparisonNuoDB  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionFull-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.Operational and transactional Enterprise NoSQL databaseA DBMS designed for efficient storage of vector data and vector similarity searchesNuoDB is a webscale distributed database that supports SQL and ACID transactionsVirtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelRelational DBMSDocument store
Native XML DBMS
RDF store infoas of version 7
Search engine
Vector DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score8.13
Rank#49  Overall
#31  Relational DBMS
Score5.92
Rank#58  Overall
#10  Document stores
#1  Native XML DBMS
#1  RDF stores
#6  Search engines
Score2.31
Rank#113  Overall
#3  Vector DBMS
Score0.89
Rank#198  Overall
#92  Relational DBMS
Score4.26
Rank#78  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#42  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websitewww.h2database.comwww.marklogic.commilvus.iowww.3ds.com/­nuodb-distributed-sql-databasevirtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationwww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmldocs.marklogic.commilvus.io/­docs/­overview.mddoc.nuodb.comdocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
DeveloperThomas MuellerMarkLogic Corp.Dassault Systèmes infooriginally NuoDB, Inc.OpenLink Software
Initial release20052001201920131998
Current release2.2.220, July 202311.0, December 20222.3.4, January 20247.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)commercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0commercial infolimited edition freeOpen Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Zilliz Cloud – Cloud-native service for Milvus
Implementation languageJavaC++C++, GoC++C
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VMLinux
OS X
Windows
Linux
macOS info10.14 or later
Windows infowith WSL 2 enabled
hosted infoAmazon EC2, Windows Azure, SoftLayer
Linux
OS X
Windows
AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-free infoSchema can be enforcedyesyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesVector, Numeric and Stringyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesnonoyes
Secondary indexesyesyesnoyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesyes infoSQL92noyesyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
Java API
Node.js Client API
ODBC
proprietary Optic API infoProprietary Query API, introduced with version 9
RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL
WebDAV
XDBC
XQuery
XSLT
RESTful HTTP APIADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languagesJavaC
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functionsyes infovia XQuery or JavaScriptnoJava, SQLyes infoVirtuoso PL
Triggersyesyesnoyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingShardingdata is dynamically stored/cached on the nodes where it is read/writtenyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databaseyesyes infoManaged transparently by NuoDBChain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infovia Hadoop Connector, HDFS Direct Access and in-database MapReduce jobsnonoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyBounded Staleness
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Session Consistency
Tunable Consistency
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnonoyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACID infocan act as a resource manager in an XA/JTA transactionnoACID infotunable commit protocolACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyes infoMVCCyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyes, with Range Indexesyesyes infoTemporary tableyes
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardRole-based access control at the document and subdocument levelsRole based access control and fine grained access rightsStandard SQL roles/ privileges, Administrative UsersFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
H2MarkLogicMilvusNuoDBVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsMilvus is an open-source and cloud-native vector database built for production-ready...
» more
Virtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesHighly available, versatile, and robust with millisecond latency. Supports batch...
» more
Performance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
» more
Typical application scenariosRAG: retrieval augmented generation Video media : video understanding, video deduplication....
» more
Used for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customersMilvus is trusted by thousands of enterprises, including PayPal, eBay, IKEA, LINE,...
» more
Broad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricsAs of January 2024, 25k+ GitHub stars 10M+ downloads and installations​ ​ 3k+ enterprise...
» more
Largest installed-base ​of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsMilvus was released under the open-source Apache License 2.0 in October 2019. Fully-managed...
» more
Available in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more

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More resources
H2MarkLogicMilvusNuoDBVirtuoso
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