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DBMS > H2 vs. HyperSQL vs. LokiJS vs. Milvus vs. SQL.JS

System Properties Comparison H2 vs. HyperSQL vs. LokiJS vs. Milvus vs. SQL.JS

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.

Multithreaded, transactional RDBMS written in Java

also known as HSQLDB

In-memory JavaScript DBMS

A DBMS designed for efficient storage of vector data and vector similarity searches

Port of SQLite to JavaScript

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Relational DBMS

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	8.13
Rank	#49	Overall
	#31	Relational DBMS

Score	3.49
Rank	#87	Overall
	#47	Relational DBMS

Score	0.43
Rank	#264	Overall
	#42	Document stores

Score	2.31
Rank	#113	Overall
	#3	Vector DBMS

Score	0.53
Rank	#252	Overall
	#116	Relational DBMS

Website

www.h2database.com

github.com/techfort/LokiJS

Technical documentation

www.h2database.com/html/main.html

hsqldb.org/web/hsqlDocsFrame.html

techfort.github.io/LokiJS

milvus.io/docs/overview.md

sql.js.org/documentation/index.html

Developer

Thomas Mueller

Alon Zakai

enhancements implemented by others

Initial release

2005

2001

2014

2019

2012

Current release

2.2.220, July 2023

2.7.2, June 2023

2.3.4, January 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

dual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)

Open Source

based on BSD license

Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

no

no

no

no

no

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Zilliz Cloud – Cloud-native service for Milvus

Implementation language

Java

Java

JavaScript

C++, Go

JavaScript

Server operating systems

All OS with a Java VM

All OS with a Java VM

Embedded (into Java applications) and Client-Server operating modes

server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js)

Linux
macOS

10.14 or later
Windows

with WSL 2 enabled

server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js)

Data scheme

yes

yes

schema-free

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

yes

no

Vector, Numeric and String

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

no

no

no

no

no

Secondary indexes

yes

yes

yes

via views

no

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

yes

no

no

yes

SQL-92 is not fully supported

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC

HTTP API

JDBC via HTTP
JDBC
ODBC

JavaScript API

RESTful HTTP API

JavaScript API

Supported programming languages

Java

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC
Java

JavaScript

C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

JavaScript

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

Java Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functions

Java, SQL

View functions in JavaScript

no

no

Triggers

yes

yes

yes

no

no

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

none

none

Sharding

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a database

none

none

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

no

no

yes

no

no

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency

none

Bounded Staleness
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Session Consistency
Tunable Consistency

none

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

yes

no

no

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

ACID

no

atomic operations within a single collection possible

no

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

yes

yes

Serialization of a DB in a Node.JS/Cordova/PhoneGap environment. Usage of the IndexedDB-API in a browser.

yes

no

except by serializing a db to a file

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

yes

yes

yes

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

no

Role based access control and fine grained access rights

no

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

Milvus is an open-source and cloud-native vector database built for production-ready...
» more

Competitive advantages

Highly available, versatile, and robust with millisecond latency. Supports batch...
» more

Typical application scenarios

RAG: retrieval augmented generation Video media : video understanding, video deduplication....
» more

Key customers

Milvus is trusted by thousands of enterprises, including PayPal, eBay, IKEA, LINE,...
» more

Market metrics

As of January 2024, 25k+ GitHub stars 10M+ downloads and installations 3k+ enterprise...
» more

Licensing and pricing models

Milvus was released under the open-source Apache License 2.0 in October 2019. Fully-managed...
» more

We invite representatives of system vendors to contact us for updating and extending the system information,
and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.

Related products and services

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More resources

DB-Engines blog posts

New kids on the block: database management systems implemented in JavaScript
1 December 2014, Matthias Gelbmann

Vector databases
2 June 2023, Matthias Gelbmann

New kids on the block: database management systems implemented in JavaScript
1 December 2014, Matthias Gelbmann

Recent citations in the news

HyperSQL DataBase flaw leaves library vulnerable to RCE
24 October 2022, The Daily Swig

Introduction to JDBC with HSQLDB tutorial
14 November 2022, TheServerSide.com

provided by Google News

LokiJS - A JavaScript Database
18 November 2014, iProgrammer

LokiJS Reaches 1.4
8 July 2016, iProgrammer

provided by Google News

How NVIDIA GPU Acceleration Supercharged Milvus Vector Database
26 March 2024, The New Stack

AI-Powered Search Engine With Milvus Vector Database on Vultr
31 January 2024, SitePoint

Milvus 2.4 Unveils Game-Changing Features for Enhanced Vector Search
20 March 2024, GlobeNewswire

Zilliz Unveils Game-Changing Features for Vector Search
22 March 2024, Datanami

IBM watsonx.data’s integrated vector database: unify, prepare, and deliver your data for AI
9 April 2024, ibm.com

provided by Google News

9 Best JavaScript and TypeScript ORMs for 2024 — SitePoint
22 March 2023, SitePoint

Execute millions of SQL statements in milliseconds in the browser with WebAssembly and Web Workers.
14 January 2017, hackernoon.com

SQLite On The Web: Absurd-sql
24 August 2021, Hackaday

In Praise Of SQLite
28 July 2022, iProgrammer

LokiJS - A JavaScript Database
18 November 2014, iProgrammer

provided by Google News

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