DBMS > H2 vs. H2GIS vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. MonetDB vs. RethinkDB

System Properties Comparison H2 vs. H2GIS vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. MonetDB vs. RethinkDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.

Spatial extension of H2

Fully managed big data interactive analytics platform

A relational database management system that stores data in columns

DBMS for the Web with a mechanism to push updated query results to applications in realtime.

Primary database model

column oriented

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

Relational DBMS

Document store

If a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/scalar-data-types/dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store

this is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine

support for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS

see docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/data-explorer/time-series-analysis

Document store
Spatial DBMS

Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	8.13
Rank	#49	Overall
	#31	Relational DBMS

Score	0.00
Rank	#383	Overall
	#7	Spatial DBMS

Score	4.38
Rank	#77	Overall
	#41	Relational DBMS

Score	1.72
Rank	#145	Overall
	#67	Relational DBMS

Score	2.74
Rank	#105	Overall
	#19	Document stores

Website

www.h2database.com

www.h2gis.org

azure.microsoft.com/services/data-explorer

www.monetdb.org

rethinkdb.com

Technical documentation

www.h2database.com/html/main.html

www.h2gis.org/docs/home

docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/data-explorer

www.monetdb.org/Documentation

rethinkdb.com/docs

Developer

Thomas Mueller

CNRS

Microsoft

MonetDB BV

The Linux Foundation

since July 2017

Initial release

2005

2013

2019

2004

2009

Current release

2.2.220, July 2023

cloud service with continuous releases

Dec2023 (11.49), December 2023

2.4.1, August 2020

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

dual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)

Open Source

LGPL 3.0

commercial

Open Source

Mozilla Public License 2.0

Open Source

Apache Version 2

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

C++

Server operating systems

All OS with a Java VM

hosted

FreeBSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows

Linux
OS X
Windows

Data scheme

yes

Fixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

bool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/scalar-data-types

yes

string, binary, float, bool, date, geometry

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

all fields are automatically indexed

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

Kusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subset

yes

SQL 2003 with some extensions

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC

Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API

JDBC
native C library

MAPI library (MonetDB application programming interface)
ODBC

Supported programming languages

Java

.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R

C
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby

community-supported driver
C#

community-supported driver
C++

community-supported driver
Clojure

community-supported driver
Dart

community-supported driver
Erlang

community-supported driver
Go

community-supported driver
Haskell

community-supported driver
Java

official driver
JavaScript (Node.js)

official driver
Lisp

community-supported driver
Lua

community-supported driver
Objective-C

community-supported driver
Perl

community-supported driver
PHP

community-supported driver
Python

official driver
Ruby

official driver
Scala

community-supported driver

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

Java Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functions

yes

based on H2

Yes, possible languages: KQL, Python, R

yes, in SQL, C, R

Triggers

yes

see docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/management/updatepolicy

yes

Client-side triggers through changefeeds

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

Implicit feature of the cloud service

Sharding via remote tables

Sharding

range based

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a database

yes

based on H2

yes

Implicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.

none

Source-replica replication available in experimental status

Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Spark connector (open source): github.com/Azure/azure-kusto-spark

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Atomic single-document operations

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

MVCC based

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

yes

based on H2

Azure Active Directory Authentication

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

yes

users and table-level permissions

More information provided by the system vendor

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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.

Related products and services

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More resources

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