DBMS > GraphDB vs. LokiJS vs. NuoDB vs. Stardog vs. VoltDB

System Properties Comparison GraphDB vs. LokiJS vs. NuoDB vs. Stardog vs. VoltDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Enterprise-ready RDF and graph database with efficient reasoning, cluster and external index synchronization support. It supports also SQL JDBC access to Knowledge Graph and GraphQL over SPARQL.

In-memory JavaScript DBMS

NuoDB is a webscale distributed database that supports SQL and ACID transactions

Enterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualization

Distributed In-Memory NewSQL RDBMS

Used for OLTP applications with a high frequency of relatively simple transactions, that can hold all their data in memory

Primary database model

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	3.32
Rank	#91	Overall
	#6	Graph DBMS
	#4	RDF stores

Score	0.43
Rank	#264	Overall
	#42	Document stores

Score	0.89
Rank	#198	Overall
	#92	Relational DBMS

Score	2.02
Rank	#123	Overall
	#11	Graph DBMS
	#6	RDF stores

Score	1.44
Rank	#158	Overall
	#73	Relational DBMS

Website

www.ontotext.com

github.com/techfort/LokiJS

www.3ds.com/nuodb-distributed-sql-database

www.stardog.com

www.voltdb.com

Technical documentation

graphdb.ontotext.com/documentation

techfort.github.io/LokiJS

doc.nuodb.com

docs.stardog.com

docs.voltdb.com

Social network pages

Developer

Ontotext

Dassault Systèmes

originally NuoDB, Inc.

Stardog-Union

VoltDB Inc.

Initial release

2000

2014

2013

2010

Current release

10.4, October 2023

7.3.0, May 2020

11.3, April 2022

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Some plugins of GraphDB Workbench are open sourced

Open Source

commercial

limited edition free

commercial

60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/students

Open Source

AGPL for Community Edition, commercial license for Enterprise, AWS, and Pro Editions

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

JavaScript

C++

Java

Java, C++

Server operating systems

All OS with a Java VM
Linux
OS X
Windows

server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js)

hosted

Amazon EC2, Windows Azure, SoftLayer
Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux
macOS
Windows

Linux
OS X

for development

Data scheme

schema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support; RDF shapes

schema-free

yes

schema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Import/export of XML data possible

Secondary indexes

yes, supports real-time synchronization and indexing in SOLR/Elastic search/Lucene and GeoSPARQL geometry data indexes

yes

via views

yes

supports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatial

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

stored SPARQL accessed as SQL using Apache Calcite through JDBC/ODBC

yes

Yes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Server

yes

only a subset of SQL 99

APIs and other access methods

GeoSPARQL
GraphQL
GraphQL Federation
Java API
JDBC
RDF4J API
RDFS
RIO
Sail API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL 1.1

JavaScript API

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC

GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3

Java API
JDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

Supported programming languages

.Net
C#
Clojure
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

JavaScript

.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby

C#
C++
Erlang

not officially supported
Go
Java
JavaScript

Node.js
PHP
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

well-defined plugin interfaces; JavaScript server-side extensibility

View functions in JavaScript

Java, SQL

user defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Java

Java

Triggers

yes

via event handlers

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

data is dynamically stored/cached on the nodes where it is read/written

none

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

none

yes

Managed transparently by NuoDB

Multi-source replication in HA-Cluster

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency, Eventual consistency (configurable in cluster mode per master or individual client request)

none

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency in HA-Cluster

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Constraint checking

yes

relationships in graphs

FOREIGN KEY constraints are not supported

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

atomic operations within a single collection possible

ACID

tunable commit protocol

ACID

Transactions are executed single-threaded within stored procedures

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

MVCC

yes

Data access is serialized by the server

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

Serialization of a DB in a Node.JS/Cordova/PhoneGap environment. Usage of the IndexedDB-API in a browser.

yes

Snapshots and command logging

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

Temporary table

yes

User concepts

Access control

Default Basic authentication through RDF4J client, or via Java when run with cURL, default token-based in the Workbench or via Rest API, optional access through OpenID or Kerberos single sign-on.

Standard SQL roles/ privileges, Administrative Users

Access rights for users and roles

Users and roles with access to stored procedures

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

Ontotext GraphDB is a semantic database engine that allows organizations to build...
» more

Competitive advantages

GraphDB allows you to link text and data in big knowledge graphs. It’s easy to experiment...
» more

Typical application scenarios

Metadata enrichment and management, linked data publishing, semantic inferencing...
» more

Key customers

GraphDB provides a platform for building next-generation AI and Knowledge Graph...
» more

Market metrics

GraphDB is the most utilized semantic triplestore for mission-critical enterprise...
» more

Licensing and pricing models

GraphDB Free is a non-commercial version and is free to use. GraphDB Enterprise edition...
» more

News

Integrating GraphDB with Relational Database Systems
23 May 2024

Understanding the Graph Center of Excellence
17 May 2024

Migrating From LPG to RDF Graph Model
8 May 2024

Case study: Policy Enforcement Automation With Semantics
2 May 2024

Okay, RAG… We Have a Problem
26 April 2024

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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.

Related products and services

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More resources

DB-Engines blog posts

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Recent citations in the news

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