DBMS > Google Cloud Spanner vs. openGemini vs. TerminusDB vs. Vitess

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Spanner vs. openGemini vs. TerminusDB vs. Vitess

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

A horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.

An open source distributed Time Series DBMS with high concurrency, high performance, and high scalability

Scalable Graph Database platform making enterprise data available by exploiting inferred entities and relationships

Scalable, distributed, cloud-native DBMS, extending MySQL

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Document store
RDF store

Document store
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.56
Rank	#97	Overall
	#50	Relational DBMS

Score	0.02
Rank	#371	Overall
	#40	Time Series DBMS

Score	0.15
Rank	#327	Overall
	#29	Graph DBMS

Score	0.99
Rank	#185	Overall
	#84	Relational DBMS

Website

cloud.google.com/spanner

www.opengemini.org
github.com/openGemini

terminusdb.com

vitess.io

Technical documentation

cloud.google.com/spanner/docs

docs.opengemini.org/guide

terminusdb.github.io/terminusdb/#

vitess.io/docs

Developer

Google

Huawei and openGemini community

DataChemist Ltd.

The Linux Foundation, PlanetScale

Initial release

2017

2022

2018

2013

Current release

1.1, July 2023

11.0.0, January 2023

15.0.2, December 2022

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

GPL V3

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0, commercial licenses available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Prolog, Rust

Server operating systems

hosted

Linux
Windows

Linux

Docker
Linux
macOS

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

Integer, Float, Boolean, String

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

Query statements complying to ANSI 2011

SQL-like query language

SQL-like query language (WOQL)

yes

with proprietary extensions

APIs and other access methods

gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC

At present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API

HTTP REST

OWL
RESTful HTTP API
WOQL (Web Object Query Language)

ADO.NET
JDBC
MySQL protocol
ODBC

Supported programming languages

Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Rust

JavaScript
Python

Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

proprietary syntax

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

Graph Partitioning

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.

yes

Journaling Streams

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

using Google Cloud Dataflow

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency across shards
Immediate Consistency within a shard

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

by using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrity

yes

not for MyISAM storage engine

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Strict serializable isolation

ACID

ACID at shard level

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

table locks or row locks depending on storage engine

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

in-memory journaling

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)

Administrators and common users accounts

Role-based access control

Users with fine-grained authorization concept

no user groups or roles

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More resources

Recent citations in the news

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22 March 2025, infoq.com

New features make Google's Spanner a database for AI
1 August 2024, TechTarget

Google Cloud adds graph and vector search features to Spanner database
2 August 2024, techzine.eu

Google Cloud adds graph processing to Spanner, SQL support to Bigtable
1 August 2024, InfoWorld

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5 May 2025, SDx Central

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9 February 2022, Huawei

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PlanetScale Announces $30M Series B Funding to Accelerate Adoption of Instantly Provisioned and Infinitely Scalable Database
23 June 2021, Business Wire

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29 March 2022, InApps Technology

provided by Google News

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