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DBMS > Google Cloud Spanner vs. mSQL vs. RDF4J vs. Teradata Aster vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Spanner vs. mSQL vs. RDF4J vs. Teradata Aster vs. ToroDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonmSQL infoMini SQL  Xexclude from comparisonRDF4J infoformerly known as Sesame  Xexclude from comparisonTeradata Aster  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparison
Teradata Aster has been integrated into other Teradata systems and therefore will be removed from the DB-Engines ranking.ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.mSQL (Mini SQL) is a simple and lightweight RDBMSRDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.Platform for big data analytics on multistructured data sources and typesA MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRDF storeRelational DBMSDocument store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.89
Rank#103  Overall
#52  Relational DBMS
Score1.27
Rank#167  Overall
#77  Relational DBMS
Score0.69
Rank#230  Overall
#9  RDF stores
Websitecloud.google.com/­spannerhughestech.com.au/­products/­msqlrdf4j.orggithub.com/­torodb/­server
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsrdf4j.org/­documentation
DeveloperGoogleHughes TechnologiesSince 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.Teradata8Kdata
Initial release20171994200420052016
Current release4.4, October 2021
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercial infofree licenses can be providedOpen Source infoEclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.commercialOpen Source infoAGPL-V3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageCJavaJava
Server operating systemshostedAIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris SPARC/x86
Windows
Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows
LinuxAll OS with a Java 7 VM
Data schemeyesyesyes infoRDF SchemasFlexible Schema (defined schema, partial schema, schema free) infodefined schema within the relational store; partial schema or schema free in the Aster File Storeschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyes infoin Aster File Storeno
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011A subset of ANSI SQL is implemented infono subqueries, aggregate functions, views, foreign keys, triggersnoyes
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
JDBC
ODBC
Java API
RIO infoRDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL infoSesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Supported programming languagesGo
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C
C++
Delphi
Java
Perl
PHP
Tcl
Java
PHP
Python
C
C#
C++
Java
Python
R
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonoyesR packages
Triggersnonoyesnono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnonenoneShardingSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.nonenoneyes infoDimension tables are replicated across all nodes in the cluster. The number of replicas for the file store can be configured.Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownonoyes infoSQL Map-Reduce Framework
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencynoneImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configurationEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integritynonono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACID infoStrict serializable isolationnoACID infoIsolation support depends on the API usedACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesnoyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infoin-memory storage is supported as wellyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)nonofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users and roles

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More resources
Google Cloud SpannermSQL infoMini SQLRDF4J infoformerly known as SesameTeradata AsterToroDB
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