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DBMS > Google Cloud Spanner vs. RDF4J vs. Stardog vs. Vitess

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Spanner vs. RDF4J vs. Stardog vs. Vitess

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonRDF4J infoformerly known as Sesame  Xexclude from comparisonStardog  Xexclude from comparisonVitess  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.RDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.Enterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualizationScalable, distributed, cloud-native DBMS, extending MySQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRDF storeGraph DBMS
RDF store
Relational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.84
Rank#100  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Score0.74
Rank#222  Overall
#9  RDF stores
Score2.07
Rank#122  Overall
#11  Graph DBMS
#6  RDF stores
Score0.88
Rank#203  Overall
#95  Relational DBMS
Websitecloud.google.com/­spannerrdf4j.orgwww.stardog.comvitess.io
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsrdf4j.org/­documentationdocs.stardog.comvitess.io/­docs
DeveloperGoogleSince 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.Stardog-UnionThe Linux Foundation, PlanetScale
Initial release2017200420102013
Current release7.3.0, May 202015.0.2, December 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoEclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.commercial info60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/studentsOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0, commercial licenses available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaJavaGo
Server operating systemshostedLinux
OS X
Unix
Windows
Linux
macOS
Windows
Docker
Linux
macOS
Data schemeyesyes infoRDF Schemasschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema supportyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nono infoImport/export of XML data possible
Secondary indexesyesyesyes infosupports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatialyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011noYes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Serveryes infowith proprietary extensions
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
Java API
RIO infoRDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL infoSesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL
GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3
ADO.NET
JDBC
MySQL protocol
ODBC
Supported programming languagesGo
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Java
PHP
Python
.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby
Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyesuser defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Javayes infoproprietary syntax
Triggersnoyesyes infovia event handlersyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnonenoneSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.noneMulti-source replication in HA-ClusterMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency in HA-ClusterEventual Consistency across shards
Immediate Consistency within a shard
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityyes inforelationships in graphsyes infonot for MyISAM storage engine
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACID infoStrict serializable isolationACID infoIsolation support depends on the API usedACIDACID at shard level
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes infotable locks or row locks depending on storage engine
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes infoin-memory storage is supported as wellyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)noAccess rights for users and rolesUsers with fine-grained authorization concept infono user groups or roles

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More resources
Google Cloud SpannerRDF4J infoformerly known as SesameStardogVitess
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Google's Cloud Spanner Now Spans Continents … Like It's Supposed to Do
31 May 2024, Data Center Knowledge

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Google makes its Cloud Spanner database service faster and more cost-efficient
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PlanetScale grabs YouTube-developed open-source tech, promises Vitess DBaaS with on-the-fly schema changes
18 May 2021, The Register

They scaled YouTube -- now they’ll shard everyone with PlanetScale
13 December 2018, TechCrunch

With Vitess 4.0, database vendor matures cloud-native platform
13 November 2019, TechTarget

Massively Scaling MySQL Using Vitess
19 February 2019, InfoQ.com

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