DBMS > Google Cloud Spanner vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. Snowflake vs. SurrealDB

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Spanner vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. Snowflake vs. SurrealDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

A horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.

Elastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL Server

Cloud-based data warehousing service for structured and semi-structured data

A fully ACID transactional, developer-friendly, multi-model DBMS

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.69
Rank	#101	Overall
	#51	Relational DBMS

Score	18.98
Rank	#31	Overall
	#19	Relational DBMS

Score	133.72
Rank	#7	Overall
	#5	Relational DBMS

Score	1.11
Rank	#174	Overall
	#30	Document stores
	#17	Graph DBMS

Website

cloud.google.com/spanner

azure.microsoft.com/services/synapse-analytics

www.snowflake.com

surrealdb.com

Technical documentation

cloud.google.com/spanner/docs

docs.microsoft.com/azure/synapse-analytics

docs.snowflake.net/manuals/index.html

surrealdb.com/docs

Developer

Google

Microsoft

Snowflake Computing Inc.

SurrealDB Ltd

Initial release

2017

2016

2014

2022

Current release

v1.5.0, May 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

Rust

Server operating systems

hosted

Linux
macOS
Windows

Data scheme

yes

support of semi-structured data formats (JSON, XML, Avro)

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

Query statements complying to ANSI 2011

yes

SQL-like query language

APIs and other access methods

gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC

At present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC

CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC

GraphQL
RESTful HTTP API
WebSocket

Supported programming languages

Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

C#
Java
PHP

JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

Deno
Go
JavaScript (Node.js)
Rust

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

Transact SQL

user defined functions

Triggers

similar concept for controling cloud resources

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

Sharding, horizontal partitioning

yes

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.

yes

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

using Google Cloud Dataflow

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

by using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrity

docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/synapse-analytics/sql-data-warehouse/sql-data-warehouse-table-constraints

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Strict serializable isolation

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)

yes

Users with fine-grained authorization concept, user roles and pluggable authentication

yes, based on authentication and database rules

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