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DBMS > Google Cloud Spanner vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Postgres-XL vs. SAP Adaptive Server

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Spanner vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Postgres-XL vs. SAP Adaptive Server

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonPostgres-XL  Xexclude from comparisonSAP Adaptive Server infoformer name: Sybase ASE  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Fully managed big data interactive analytics platformBased on PostgreSQL enhanced with MPP and write-scale-out cluster featuresThe SAP (Sybase) Adaptive Server Enterprise (ASE) is an enterprise-class RDBMS
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Document store
Spatial DBMS
Spatial DBMS infowith Boeing's Spatial Query Server
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.84
Rank#100  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Score3.80
Rank#81  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Score0.53
Rank#254  Overall
#117  Relational DBMS
Score35.09
Rank#25  Overall
#17  Relational DBMS
Websitecloud.google.com/­spannerazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerwww.postgres-xl.orgwww.sap.com/­products/­technology-platform/­sybase-ase.html
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerwww.postgres-xl.org/­documentationhelp.sap.com/­docs/­SAP_ASE
DeveloperGoogleMicrosoftSAP, Sybase
Initial release201720192014 infosince 2012, originally named StormDB1987
Current releasecloud service with continuous releases10 R1, October 201816.0
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialcommercialOpen Source infoMozilla public licensecommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageCC and C++
Server operating systemshostedhostedLinux
macOS
AIX
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Data schemeyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesyes infoXML type, but no XML query functionalityno
Secondary indexesyesall fields are automatically indexedyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011Kusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetyes infodistributed, parallel query executionyes
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
Supported programming languagesGo
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Erlang
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C
C++
Cobol
Java
Java
Perl
PHP
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Ruser defined functionsJava and Transact-SQL
Triggersnoyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicehorizontal partitioninghorizontal partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.yes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infousing Google Cloud DataflowSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparknono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integritynoyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACID infoStrict serializable isolationnoACID infoMVCCACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Azure Active Directory Authenticationfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
Google Cloud SpannerMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerPostgres-XLSAP Adaptive Server infoformer name: Sybase ASE
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