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DBMS > Google Cloud Spanner vs. MarkLogic vs. RRDtool vs. Spark SQL vs. Teradata Aster

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Spanner vs. MarkLogic vs. RRDtool vs. Spark SQL vs. Teradata Aster

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonMarkLogic  Xexclude from comparisonRRDtool  Xexclude from comparisonSpark SQL  Xexclude from comparisonTeradata Aster  Xexclude from comparison
Teradata Aster has been integrated into other Teradata systems and therefore will be removed from the DB-Engines ranking.
DescriptionA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Operational and transactional Enterprise NoSQL databaseIndustry standard data logging and graphing tool for time series data. RRD is an acronym for round-robin database. infoThe data is stored in a circular buffer, thus the system storage footprint remains constant over time.Spark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processingPlatform for big data analytics on multistructured data sources and types
Primary database modelRelational DBMSDocument store
Native XML DBMS
RDF store infoas of version 7
Search engine
Time Series DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.84
Rank#100  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Score5.18
Rank#63  Overall
#11  Document stores
#1  Native XML DBMS
#1  RDF stores
#7  Search engines
Score1.90
Rank#132  Overall
#11  Time Series DBMS
Score18.04
Rank#33  Overall
#20  Relational DBMS
Websitecloud.google.com/­spannerwww.marklogic.comoss.oetiker.ch/­rrdtoolspark.apache.org/­sql
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsdocs.marklogic.comoss.oetiker.ch/­rrdtool/­docspark.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­sql-programming-guide.html
DeveloperGoogleMarkLogic Corp.Tobias OetikerApache Software FoundationTeradata
Initial release20172001199920142005
Current release11.0, December 20221.8.0, 20223.5.0 ( 2.13), September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infoGPL V2 and FLOSSOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++C infoImplementations in Java (e.g. RRD4J) and C# availableScala
Server operating systemshostedLinux
OS X
Windows
HP-UX
Linux
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux
Data schemeyesschema-free infoSchema can be enforcedyesyesFlexible Schema (defined schema, partial schema, schema free) infodefined schema within the relational store; partial schema or schema free in the Aster File Store
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesNumeric data onlyyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesno infoExporting into and restoring from XML files possiblenoyes infoin Aster File Store
Secondary indexesyesyesnonoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011yes infoSQL92noSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyes
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
Java API
Node.js Client API
ODBC
proprietary Optic API infoProprietary Query API, introduced with version 9
RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL
WebDAV
XDBC
XQuery
XSLT
in-process shared library
Pipes
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Supported programming languagesGo
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
C infowith librrd library
C# infowith a different implementation of RRDTool
Java infowith a different implementation of RRDTool
JavaScript (Node.js) infowith a different implementation of RRDTool
Lua
Perl
PHP infowith a wrapper library
Python
Ruby
Java
Python
R
Scala
C
C#
C++
Java
Python
R
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyes infovia XQuery or JavaScriptnonoR packages
Triggersnoyesnonono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingnoneyes, utilizing Spark CoreSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.yesnonenoneyes infoDimension tables are replicated across all nodes in the cluster. The number of replicas for the file store can be configured.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflowyes infovia Hadoop Connector, HDFS Direct Access and in-database MapReduce jobsnoyes infoSQL Map-Reduce Framework
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencynoneImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configuration
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integritynononono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACID infoStrict serializable isolationACID infocan act as a resource manager in an XA/JTA transactionnonoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes infoby using the rrdcached daemonyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes, with Range Indexesyesnono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Role-based access control at the document and subdocument levelsnonofine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
Google Cloud SpannerMarkLogicRRDtoolSpark SQLTeradata Aster
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