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DBMS > Google Cloud Spanner vs. Ingres vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Vertica vs. YDB

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Spanner vs. Ingres vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Vertica vs. YDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonIngres  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonVertica infoOpenText™ Vertica™  Xexclude from comparisonYDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Well established RDBMSFully managed big data interactive analytics platformCloud or off-cloud analytical database and query engine for structured and semi-structured streaming and batch data. Machine learning platform with built-in algorithms, data preparation capabilities, and model evaluation and management via SQL or Python.A distributed fault-tolerant database service, with high availability, scalability, immediate consistency and ACID transactions and providing an Amazon DynamoDB compatible API
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedRelational DBMS infoColumn orientedDocument store
Relational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.89
Rank#103  Overall
#52  Relational DBMS
Score4.11
Rank#81  Overall
#44  Relational DBMS
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Score10.68
Rank#43  Overall
#27  Relational DBMS
Score0.35
Rank#278  Overall
#43  Document stores
#127  Relational DBMS
Websitecloud.google.com/­spannerwww.actian.com/­databases/­ingresazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerwww.vertica.comgithub.com/­ydb-platform/­ydb
ydb.tech
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsdocs.actian.com/­ingresdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorervertica.com/­documentationydb.tech/­en/­docs
DeveloperGoogleActian CorporationMicrosoftOpenText infopreviously Micro Focus and Hewlett PackardYandex
Initial release20171974 infooriginally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s201920052019
Current release11.2, May 2022cloud service with continuous releases12.0.3, January 2023
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercialcommercialcommercial infoLimited community edition freeOpen Source infoApache 2.0; commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnoyesno infoon-premises, all major clouds - Amazon AWS, Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud Platform and containersno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageCC++
Server operating systemshostedAIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
hostedLinuxLinux
Data schemeyesyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)Yes, but also semi-structure/unstructured data storage, and complex hierarchical data (like Parquet) stored and/or queried.Flexible Schema (defined schema, partial schema, schema free)
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nono infobut tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files availableyesnono
Secondary indexesyesyesall fields are automatically indexedNo Indexes Required. Different internal optimization strategy, but same functionality included.yes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011yesKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetFull 1999 standard plus machine learning, time series and geospatial. Over 650 functions.SQL-like query language (YQL)
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
Kafka Connector
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
Spark Connector
vSQL infocharacter-based, interactive, front-end utility
RESTful HTTP API (DynamoDB compatible)
Supported programming languagesGo
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyesYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Ryes, PostgreSQL PL/pgSQL, with minor differencesno
Triggersnoyesyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyyes, called Custom Alerts
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardinghorizontal partitioning infoIngres Star to access multiple databases simultaneouslySharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicehorizontal partitioning, hierarchical partitioningSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.Ingres Replicatoryes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Multi-source replication infoOne, or more copies of data replicated across nodes, or object-store used for repository.Active-passive shard replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infousing Google Cloud DataflownoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkno infoBi-directional Spark integrationno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityyesnoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACID infoStrict serializable isolationACIDnoACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes infoMVCCyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonononono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAzure Active Directory Authenticationfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard; supports Kerberos, LDAP, Ident and hashAccess rights defined for Yandex Cloud users
More information provided by the system vendor
Google Cloud SpannerIngresMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerVertica infoOpenText™ Vertica™YDB
Specific characteristicsDeploy-anywhere database for large-scale analytical deployments. Deploy off-cloud,...
» more
Competitive advantagesFast, scalable, and capable of high concurrency. Separation of compute/storage leverages...
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Typical application scenariosCommunication and network analytics, Embedded analytics, Fraud monitoring and Risk...
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Key customersAbiba Systems, Adform, adMarketplace, AmeriPride, Anritsu, AOL, Avito, Auckland Transport,...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsCost-based models and subscription-based models are both available. One license is...
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More resources
Google Cloud SpannerIngresMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerVertica infoOpenText™ Vertica™YDB
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