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DBMS > Google Cloud Spanner vs. Ingres vs. MaxDB vs. RDFox

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Spanner vs. Ingres vs. MaxDB vs. RDFox

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonIngres  Xexclude from comparisonMaxDB infoformerly named Adabas-D  Xexclude from comparisonRDFox  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Well established RDBMSA robust and reliable RDBMS optimized to run all major SAP solutionsHigh performance knowledge graph and semantic reasoning engine
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSGraph DBMS
RDF store
Secondary database modelsRelational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.89
Rank#103  Overall
#52  Relational DBMS
Score4.11
Rank#81  Overall
#44  Relational DBMS
Score2.32
Rank#112  Overall
#55  Relational DBMS
Score0.23
Rank#308  Overall
#25  Graph DBMS
#14  RDF stores
Websitecloud.google.com/­spannerwww.actian.com/­databases/­ingresmaxdb.sap.comwww.oxfordsemantic.tech
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsdocs.actian.com/­ingresmaxdb.sap.com/­documentationdocs.oxfordsemantic.tech
DeveloperGoogleActian CorporationSAP, acquired from Software AG (Adabas-D) in 1997Oxford Semantic Technologies
Initial release20171974 infooriginally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s19842017
Current release11.2, May 20227.9.10.12, February 20246.0, Septermber 2022
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercialcommercial infoLimited community edition freecommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageCC++C++
Server operating systemshostedAIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
AIX
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
Linux
macOS
Windows
Data schemeyesyesyesyes infoRDF schemas
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nono infobut tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files availableno
Secondary indexesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011yesyesno
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
WebDAV
RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL 1.1
Supported programming languagesGo
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
C#
Java
Perl
PHP
Python
C
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyesyes
Triggersnoyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardinghorizontal partitioning infoIngres Star to access multiple databases simultaneouslynone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.Ingres ReplicatorSource-replica replicationreplication via a shared file system
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency in stand-alone mode, Eventual Consistency in replicated setups
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACID infoStrict serializable isolationACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes infoMVCCyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nononoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardRoles, resources, and access types

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More resources
Google Cloud SpannerIngresMaxDB infoformerly named Adabas-DRDFox
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