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DBMS > Google Cloud Spanner vs. Ingres vs. Lovefield vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. YDB

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Spanner vs. Ingres vs. Lovefield vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. YDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonIngres  Xexclude from comparisonLovefield  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonYDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Well established RDBMSEmbeddable relational database for web apps written in pure JavaScriptFully managed big data interactive analytics platformA distributed fault-tolerant database service, with high availability, scalability, immediate consistency and ACID transactions and providing an Amazon DynamoDB compatible API
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedDocument store
Relational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.89
Rank#103  Overall
#52  Relational DBMS
Score4.11
Rank#81  Overall
#44  Relational DBMS
Score0.29
Rank#293  Overall
#133  Relational DBMS
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Score0.35
Rank#278  Overall
#43  Document stores
#127  Relational DBMS
Websitecloud.google.com/­spannerwww.actian.com/­databases/­ingresgoogle.github.io/­lovefieldazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorergithub.com/­ydb-platform/­ydb
ydb.tech
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsdocs.actian.com/­ingresgithub.com/­google/­lovefield/­blob/­master/­docs/­spec_index.mddocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerydb.tech/­en/­docs
DeveloperGoogleActian CorporationGoogleMicrosoftYandex
Initial release20171974 infooriginally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s201420192019
Current release11.2, May 20222.1.12, February 2017cloud service with continuous releases
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialcommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0; commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnonoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageCJavaScript
Server operating systemshostedAIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js) infotested with Chrome, Firefox, IE, SafarihostedLinux
Data schemeyesyesyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)Flexible Schema (defined schema, partial schema, schema free)
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nono infobut tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files availablenoyesno
Secondary indexesyesyesyesall fields are automatically indexedyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011yesSQL-like query language infovia JavaScript builder patternKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetSQL-like query language (YQL)
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
RESTful HTTP API (DynamoDB compatible)
Supported programming languagesGo
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
JavaScript.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyesnoYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Rno
TriggersnoyesUsing read-only observersyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicy
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardinghorizontal partitioning infoIngres Star to access multiple databases simultaneouslynoneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.Ingres Replicatornoneyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Active-passive shard replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infousing Google Cloud DataflownonoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityyesyesnono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACID infoStrict serializable isolationACIDACIDnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes infoMVCCyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes, by using IndexedDB or the cloud service Firebase Realtime Databaseyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyes infousing MemoryDBnono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnoAzure Active Directory AuthenticationAccess rights defined for Yandex Cloud users

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More resources
Google Cloud SpannerIngresLovefieldMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerYDB
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