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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Microsoft Azure Table Storage vs. TinkerGraph vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Microsoft Azure Table Storage vs. TinkerGraph vs. XTDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Table Storage  Xexclude from comparisonTinkerGraph  Xexclude from comparisonXTDB infoformerly named Crux  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.A Wide Column Store for rapid development using massive semi-structured datasetsA lightweight, in-memory graph engine that serves as a reference implementation of the TinkerPop3 APIA general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSWide column storeGraph DBMSDocument store
Secondary database modelsDocument store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score13.77
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score2.89
Rank#103  Overall
#52  Relational DBMS
Score4.48
Rank#75  Overall
#6  Wide column stores
Score0.08
Rank#348  Overall
#35  Graph DBMS
Score0.11
Rank#343  Overall
#46  Document stores
Websiteimpala.apache.orgcloud.google.com/­spannerazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­services/­storage/­tablestinkerpop.apache.org/­docs/­current/­reference/­#tinkergraph-gremlingithub.com/­xtdb/­xtdb
www.xtdb.com
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmlcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docswww.xtdb.com/­docs
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaGoogleMicrosoftJuxt Ltd.
Initial release20132017201220092019
Current release4.1.0, June 20221.19, September 2021
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2commercialcommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoMIT License
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++JavaClojure
Server operating systemsLinuxhostedhostedAll OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeschema-freeschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes, extensible-data-notation format
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonononono
Secondary indexesyesyesnonoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011nonolimited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
RESTful HTTP APITinkerPop 3HTTP REST
JDBC
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCGo
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Groovy
Java
Clojure
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reducenononono
Triggersnonononono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicenonenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factorMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.yes infoimplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.noneyes, each node contains all data
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReduceyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistencynone
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integritynoyes infoRelationships in graphsno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACID infoStrict serializable isolationoptimistic lockingnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesnoyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesoptionalyes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nononoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and KerberosAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Access rights based on private key authentication or shared access signaturesno

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More resources
Apache ImpalaGoogle Cloud SpannerMicrosoft Azure Table StorageTinkerGraphXTDB infoformerly named Crux
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