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DBMS > Google Cloud Spanner vs. IRONdb vs. RDF4J vs. Stardog

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Spanner vs. IRONdb vs. RDF4J vs. Stardog

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonIRONdb  Xexclude from comparisonRDF4J infoformerly known as Sesame  Xexclude from comparisonStardog  Xexclude from comparison
IRONdb seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.A distributed Time Series DBMS with a focus on scalability, fault tolerance and operational simplicityRDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.Enterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualization
Primary database modelRelational DBMSTime Series DBMSRDF storeGraph DBMS
RDF store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.89
Rank#103  Overall
#52  Relational DBMS
Score0.69
Rank#230  Overall
#9  RDF stores
Score2.02
Rank#123  Overall
#11  Graph DBMS
#6  RDF stores
Websitecloud.google.com/­spannerwww.circonus.com/solutions/time-series-database/rdf4j.orgwww.stardog.com
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsdocs.circonus.com/irondb/category/getting-startedrdf4j.org/­documentationdocs.stardog.com
DeveloperGoogleCirconus LLC.Since 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.Stardog-Union
Initial release2017201720042010
Current releaseV0.10.20, January 20187.3.0, May 2020
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialcommercialOpen Source infoEclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.commercial info60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/students
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC and C++JavaJava
Server operating systemshostedLinuxLinux
OS X
Unix
Windows
Linux
macOS
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeyes infoRDF Schemasschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyes infotext, numeric, histogramsyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonono infoImport/export of XML data possible
Secondary indexesyesnoyesyes infosupports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatial
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011SQL-like query language (Circonus Analytics Query Language: CAQL)noYes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Server
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
HTTP APIJava API
RIO infoRDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL infoSesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL
GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3
Supported programming languagesGo
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
Lua
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Java
PHP
Python
.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyes, in Luayesuser defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Java
Triggersnonoyesyes infovia event handlers
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingAutomatic, metric affinity per nodenonenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.configurable replication factor, datacenter awarenoneMulti-source replication in HA-Cluster
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate consistency per node, eventual consistency across nodesImmediate Consistency in HA-Cluster
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integritynoyes inforelationships in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACID infoStrict serializable isolationnoACID infoIsolation support depends on the API usedACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infoin-memory storage is supported as wellyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)nonoAccess rights for users and roles

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More resources
Google Cloud SpannerIRONdbRDF4J infoformerly known as SesameStardog
Recent citations in the news

Google Improves Cloud Spanner: More Compute and Storage without Price Increase
14 October 2023, InfoQ.com

Google makes its Cloud Spanner database service faster and more cost-efficient
11 October 2023, SiliconANGLE News

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11 October 2023, TechCrunch

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