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DBMS > Google Cloud Spanner vs. Hypertable vs. Kingbase vs. Stardog

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Spanner vs. Hypertable vs. Kingbase vs. Stardog

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonHypertable  Xexclude from comparisonKingbase  Xexclude from comparisonStardog  Xexclude from comparison
Hypertable has stopped its further development with March 2016 and is removed from the DB-Engines ranking.
DescriptionA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.An open source BigTable implementation based on distributed file systems such as HadoopAn enterprise-class RDBMS compatible with PostgreSQL and Oracle and widely used in China.Enterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualization
Primary database modelRelational DBMSWide column storeRelational DBMSGraph DBMS
RDF store
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.84
Rank#100  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Score0.50
Rank#257  Overall
#119  Relational DBMS
Score2.07
Rank#122  Overall
#11  Graph DBMS
#6  RDF stores
Websitecloud.google.com/­spannerwww.kingbase.com.cnwww.stardog.com
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsdocs.stardog.com
DeveloperGoogleHypertable Inc.BeiJing KINGBASE Information technologies inc.Stardog-Union
Initial release2017200919992010
Current release0.9.8.11, March 2016V8.0, August 20217.3.0, May 2020
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoGNU version 3. Commercial license availablecommercialcommercial info60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/students
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++C and JavaJava
Server operating systemshostedLinux
OS X
Windows infoan inofficial Windows port is available
Linux
Windows
Linux
macOS
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesno infoImport/export of XML data possible
Secondary indexesyesrestricted infoonly exact value or prefix value scansyesyes infosupports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatial
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011noStandard with numerous extensionsYes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Server
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
C++ API
Thrift
ADO.NET
gokb
JDBC
kdbndp
ODBC
PDI
PDO
Pro*C
psycopg2
QT
GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3
Supported programming languagesGo
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C++
Java
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonouser defined functionsuser defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Java
Triggersnonoyesyes infovia event handlers
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardinghorizontal partitioning (by range, list and hash) and vertical partitioningnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.selectable replication factor on file system levelyesMulti-source replication in HA-Cluster
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflowyesnono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency in HA-Cluster
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integritynoyesyes inforelationships in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACID infoStrict serializable isolationnoACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)nofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users and roles

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More resources
Google Cloud SpannerHypertableKingbaseStardog
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