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DBMS > Google Cloud Spanner vs. HyperSQL vs. StarRocks vs. SurrealDB

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Spanner vs. HyperSQL vs. StarRocks vs. SurrealDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDB  Xexclude from comparisonStarRocks  Xexclude from comparisonSurrealDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Multithreaded, transactional RDBMS written in Java infoalso known as HSQLDBAn open source, high-performance columnar analytical database that enables real-time, multi-dimensional, and highly concurrent data analytics infoForked from Apache DorisA fully ACID transactional, developer-friendly, multi-model DBMS
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.56
Rank#97  Overall
#50  Relational DBMS
Score2.72
Rank#90  Overall
#49  Relational DBMS
Score0.94
Rank#188  Overall
#86  Relational DBMS
Score1.08
Rank#176  Overall
#30  Document stores
#16  Graph DBMS
Websitecloud.google.com/­spannerhsqldb.orgwww.starrocks.iosurrealdb.com
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docshsqldb.org/­web/­hsqlDocsFrame.htmldocs.starrocks.io/­en-us/­latest/­introduction/­StarRocks_introsurrealdb.com/­docs
DeveloperGoogleThe Linux Foundation infosince Feb 2023SurrealDB Ltd
Initial release2017200120202022
Current release2.7.2, June 20233.3, June 2024v1.5.0, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infobased on BSD licenseOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaC++, JavaRust
Server operating systemshostedAll OS with a Java VM infoEmbedded (into Java applications) and Client-Server operating modesLinuxLinux
macOS
Windows
Data schemeyesyesyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonono
Secondary indexesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011yesyesSQL-like query language
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
HTTP API infoJDBC via HTTP
JDBC
ODBC
JDBC
MySQL protocol
GraphQL
RESTful HTTP API
WebSocket
Supported programming languagesGo
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC
Java
JavaDeno
Go
JavaScript (Node.js)
Rust
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoJava, SQLuser defined functions
Triggersnoyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnonehorizontal partitioning (by range and hash)
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.none
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACID infoStrict serializable isolationACIDnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardRole based access control and fine grained access rightsyes, based on authentication and database rules

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More resources
Google Cloud SpannerHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDBStarRocksSurrealDB
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