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DBMS > Google Cloud Spanner vs. Hive vs. HyperSQL vs. IRONdb vs. RDF4J

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Spanner vs. Hive vs. HyperSQL vs. IRONdb vs. RDF4J

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonHive  Xexclude from comparisonHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDB  Xexclude from comparisonIRONdb  Xexclude from comparisonRDF4J infoformerly known as Sesame  Xexclude from comparison
IRONdb seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.data warehouse software for querying and managing large distributed datasets, built on HadoopMultithreaded, transactional RDBMS written in Java infoalso known as HSQLDBA distributed Time Series DBMS with a focus on scalability, fault tolerance and operational simplicityRDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSTime Series DBMSRDF store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.89
Rank#103  Overall
#52  Relational DBMS
Score61.17
Rank#18  Overall
#12  Relational DBMS
Score3.49
Rank#87  Overall
#47  Relational DBMS
Score0.69
Rank#230  Overall
#9  RDF stores
Websitecloud.google.com/­spannerhive.apache.orghsqldb.orgwww.circonus.com/solutions/time-series-database/rdf4j.org
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docscwiki.apache.org/­confluence/­display/­Hive/­Homehsqldb.org/­web/­hsqlDocsFrame.htmldocs.circonus.com/irondb/category/getting-startedrdf4j.org/­documentation
DeveloperGoogleApache Software Foundation infoinitially developed by FacebookCirconus LLC.Since 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.
Initial release20172012200120172004
Current release3.1.3, April 20222.7.2, June 2023V0.10.20, January 2018
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infobased on BSD licensecommercialOpen Source infoEclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaJavaC and C++Java
Server operating systemshostedAll OS with a Java VMAll OS with a Java VM infoEmbedded (into Java applications) and Client-Server operating modesLinuxLinux
OS X
Unix
Windows
Data schemeyesyesyesschema-freeyes infoRDF Schemas
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes infotext, numeric, histogramsyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011SQL-like DML and DDL statementsyesSQL-like query language (Circonus Analytics Query Language: CAQL)no
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
JDBC
ODBC
Thrift
HTTP API infoJDBC via HTTP
JDBC
ODBC
HTTP APIJava API
RIO infoRDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL infoSesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL
Supported programming languagesGo
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C++
Java
PHP
Python
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC
Java
.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
Lua
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Java
PHP
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceJava, SQLyes, in Luayes
Triggersnonoyesnoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingnoneAutomatic, metric affinity per nodenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.selectable replication factornoneconfigurable replication factor, datacenter awarenone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflowyes infoquery execution via MapReducenonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate consistency per node, eventual consistency across nodes
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integritynoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACID infoStrict serializable isolationnoACIDnoACID infoIsolation support depends on the API used
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes infoin-memory storage is supported as well
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Access rights for users, groups and rolesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnono

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More resources
Google Cloud SpannerHiveHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDBIRONdbRDF4J infoformerly known as Sesame
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