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DBMS > Google Cloud Spanner vs. H2 vs. RavenDB vs. Sqrrl

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Spanner vs. H2 vs. RavenDB vs. Sqrrl

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparisonRavenDB  Xexclude from comparisonSqrrl  Xexclude from comparison
Sqrrl has been acquired by Amazon and became a part of Amazon Web Services. It has been removed from the DB-Engines ranking.
DescriptionA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.Open Source Operational and Transactional Enterprise NoSQL Document DatabaseAdaptable, secure NoSQL built on Apache Accumulo
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument storeDocument store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSGraph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.89
Rank#103  Overall
#52  Relational DBMS
Score8.13
Rank#49  Overall
#31  Relational DBMS
Score2.92
Rank#101  Overall
#18  Document stores
Websitecloud.google.com/­spannerwww.h2database.comravendb.netsqrrl.com
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docswww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmlravendb.net/­docs
DeveloperGoogleThomas MuellerHibernating RhinosAmazon infooriginally Sqrrl Data, Inc.
Initial release2017200520102012
Current release2.2.220, July 20235.4, July 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)Open Source infoAGPL version 3, commercial license availablecommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaC#Java
Server operating systemshostedAll OS with a Java VMLinux
macOS
Raspberry Pi
Windows
Linux
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesnoyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011yesSQL-like query language (RQL)no
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
JDBC
ODBC
.NET Client API
F# Client API
Go Client API
Java Client API
NodeJS Client API
PHP Client API
Python Client API
RESTful HTTP API
Accumulo Shell
Java API
JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
Thrift
Supported programming languagesGo
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Java.Net
C#
F#
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Actionscript
C infousing GLib
C#
C++
Cocoa
Delphi
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Smalltalk
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functionsyesno
Triggersnoyesyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnoneShardingSharding infomaking use of Hadoop
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databaseMulti-source replicationselectable replication factor infomaking use of Hadoop
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownoyesyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyDefault ACID transactions on the local node (eventually consistent across the cluster). Atomic operations with cluster-wide ACID transactions. Eventual consistency for indexes and full-text search indexes.Immediate Consistency infoDocument store kept consistent with combination of global timestamping, row-level transactions, and server-side consistency resolution.
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityyesnono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACID infoStrict serializable isolationACIDACID, Cluster-wide transaction availableAtomic updates per row, document, or graph entity
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAuthorization levels configured per client per databaseCell-level Security, Data-Centric Security, Role-Based Access Control (RBAC), Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC)

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More resources
Google Cloud SpannerH2RavenDBSqrrl
Recent citations in the news

Google Improves Cloud Spanner: More Compute and Storage without Price Increase
14 October 2023, InfoQ.com

Google turns up the heat on AWS, claims Cloud Spanner is half the cost of DynamoDB
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Oren Eini on RavenDB, Including Consistency Guarantees and C# as the Implementation Language
23 May 2022, InfoQ.com

RavenDB Adds Graph Queries
15 May 2019, Datanami

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Splunk details Sqrrl 'screw-ups' that hampered threat hunting
6 May 2024, TechTarget

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8 June 2023, cisomag.com

Millennials possess the advantage of time for wealth creation, says Yashoraj Tyagi of Sqrrl | Mint
18 September 2023, Mint

Amazon's cloud business acquires Sqrrl, a security start-up with NSA roots
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