DBMS > Google Cloud Spanner vs. H2 vs. RavenDB vs. RDFox vs. YDB

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Spanner vs. H2 vs. RavenDB vs. RDFox vs. YDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

A horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.

Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.

Open Source Operational and Transactional Enterprise NoSQL Document Database

High performance knowledge graph and semantic reasoning engine

A distributed fault-tolerant database service, with high availability, scalability, immediate consistency and ACID transactions and providing an Amazon DynamoDB compatible API

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Document store

Graph DBMS
RDF store

Document store
Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.89
Rank	#103	Overall
	#52	Relational DBMS

Score	8.13
Rank	#49	Overall
	#31	Relational DBMS

Score	2.92
Rank	#101	Overall
	#18	Document stores

Score	0.23
Rank	#308	Overall
	#25	Graph DBMS
	#14	RDF stores

Score	0.35
Rank	#278	Overall
	#43	Document stores
	#127	Relational DBMS

Website

cloud.google.com/spanner

www.h2database.com

ravendb.net

www.oxfordsemantic.tech

github.com/ydb-platform/ydb
ydb.tech

Technical documentation

cloud.google.com/spanner/docs

www.h2database.com/html/main.html

ravendb.net/docs

docs.oxfordsemantic.tech

ydb.tech/en/docs

Developer

Google

Thomas Mueller

Hibernating Rhinos

Oxford Semantic Technologies

Yandex

Initial release

2017

2005

2010

2017

2019

Current release

2.2.220, July 2023

5.4, July 2022

6.0, Septermber 2022

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

dual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)

Open Source

AGPL version 3, commercial license available

commercial

Open Source

Apache 2.0; commercial license available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

C++

Server operating systems

hosted

All OS with a Java VM

Linux
macOS
Raspberry Pi
Windows

Linux
macOS
Windows

Linux

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

RDF schemas

Flexible Schema (defined schema, partial schema, schema free)

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

Query statements complying to ANSI 2011

yes

SQL-like query language (RQL)

SQL-like query language (YQL)

APIs and other access methods

gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC

At present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API

JDBC
ODBC

.NET Client API
F# Client API
Go Client API
Java Client API
NodeJS Client API
PHP Client API
Python Client API
RESTful HTTP API

RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL 1.1

RESTful HTTP API (DynamoDB compatible)

Supported programming languages

Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

Java

.Net
C#
F#
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

C
Java

Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

Java Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functions

yes

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

none

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.

With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a database

Multi-source replication

replication via a shared file system

Active-passive shard replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

using Google Cloud Dataflow

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Default ACID transactions on the local node (eventually consistent across the cluster). Atomic operations with cluster-wide ACID transactions. Eventual consistency for indexes and full-text search indexes.

Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode, Eventual Consistency in replicated setups

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

by using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Strict serializable isolation

ACID

ACID, Cluster-wide transaction available

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Authorization levels configured per client per database

Roles, resources, and access types

Access rights defined for Yandex Cloud users

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More resources

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