DBMS > Google Cloud Spanner vs. H2 vs. MarkLogic vs. MySQL vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Spanner vs. H2 vs. MarkLogic vs. MySQL vs. XTDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

A horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.

Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.

Operational and transactional Enterprise NoSQL database

Widely used open source RDBMS

A general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Document store
Native XML DBMS
RDF store

as of version 7
Search engine

Relational DBMS

Key/Value like access via memcached API

Document store

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

Document store
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.84
Rank	#100	Overall
	#51	Relational DBMS

Score	8.33
Rank	#46	Overall
	#30	Relational DBMS

Score	5.18
Rank	#63	Overall
	#11	Document stores
	#1	Native XML DBMS
	#1	RDF stores
	#7	Search engines

Score	1061.34
Rank	#2	Overall
	#2	Relational DBMS

Score	0.18
Rank	#332	Overall
	#46	Document stores

Website

cloud.google.com/spanner

www.h2database.com

www.marklogic.com

www.mysql.com

github.com/xtdb/xtdb
www.xtdb.com

Technical documentation

cloud.google.com/spanner/docs

www.h2database.com/html/main.html

docs.marklogic.com

dev.mysql.com/doc

www.xtdb.com/docs

Developer

Google

Thomas Mueller

MarkLogic Corp.

Oracle

since 2010, originally MySQL AB, then Sun

Juxt Ltd.

Initial release

2017

2005

2001

1995

2019

Current release

2.2.220, July 2023

11.0, December 2022

8.4.0, April 2024

1.19, September 2021

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

dual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)

commercial

restricted free version is available

Open Source

GPL version 2. Commercial licenses with extended functionallity are available

Open Source

MIT License

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

Java

C++

C and C++

Clojure

Server operating systems

hosted

All OS with a Java VM

Linux
OS X
Windows

FreeBSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows

All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

Schema can be enforced

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

yes, extensible-data-notation format

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

Query statements complying to ANSI 2011

yes

SQL92

yes

with proprietary extensions

limited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite

APIs and other access methods

gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC

At present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API

JDBC
ODBC

Java API
Node.js Client API
ODBC
proprietary Optic API

Proprietary Query API, introduced with version 9
RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL
WebDAV
XDBC
XQuery
XSLT

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary native API

HTTP REST
JDBC

Supported programming languages

Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

Java

C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby

Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl

Clojure
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

Java Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functions

yes

via XQuery or JavaScript

yes

proprietary syntax

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

none

Sharding

horizontal partitioning, sharding with MySQL Cluster or MySQL Fabric

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.

With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a database

yes

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

yes, each node contains all data

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

using Google Cloud Dataflow

yes

via Hadoop Connector, HDFS Direct Access and in-database MapReduce jobs

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

by using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrity

yes

not for MyISAM storage engine

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Strict serializable isolation

ACID

can act as a resource manager in an XA/JTA transaction

ACID

not for MyISAM storage engine

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

table locks or row locks depending on storage engine

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

yes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

yes, with Range Indexes

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Role-based access control at the document and subdocument levels

Users with fine-grained authorization concept

no user groups or roles

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