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DBMS > Google Cloud Spanner vs. H2 vs. LokiJS vs. RRDtool

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Spanner vs. H2 vs. LokiJS vs. RRDtool

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparisonLokiJS  Xexclude from comparisonRRDtool  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.In-memory JavaScript DBMSIndustry standard data logging and graphing tool for time series data. RRD is an acronym for round-robin database. infoThe data is stored in a circular buffer, thus the system storage footprint remains constant over time.
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument storeTime Series DBMS
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.89
Rank#103  Overall
#52  Relational DBMS
Score8.13
Rank#49  Overall
#31  Relational DBMS
Score0.43
Rank#264  Overall
#42  Document stores
Score1.87
Rank#136  Overall
#11  Time Series DBMS
Websitecloud.google.com/­spannerwww.h2database.comgithub.com/­techfort/­LokiJSoss.oetiker.ch/­rrdtool
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docswww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmltechfort.github.io/­LokiJSoss.oetiker.ch/­rrdtool/­doc
DeveloperGoogleThomas MuellerTobias Oetiker
Initial release2017200520141999
Current release2.2.220, July 20231.8.0, 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)Open SourceOpen Source infoGPL V2 and FLOSS
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaJavaScriptC infoImplementations in Java (e.g. RRD4J) and C# available
Server operating systemshostedAll OS with a Java VMserver-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js)HP-UX
Linux
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesnoNumeric data only
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononono infoExporting into and restoring from XML files possible
Secondary indexesyesyesyes infovia viewsno
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011yesnono
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
JDBC
ODBC
JavaScript APIin-process shared library
Pipes
Supported programming languagesGo
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
JavaJavaScriptC infowith librrd library
C# infowith a different implementation of RRDTool
Java infowith a different implementation of RRDTool
JavaScript (Node.js) infowith a different implementation of RRDTool
Lua
Perl
PHP infowith a wrapper library
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined FunctionsView functions in JavaScriptno
Triggersnoyesyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnonenonenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databasenonenone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownoyesno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistencynonenone
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityyesnono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACID infoStrict serializable isolationACIDno infoatomic operations within a single collection possibleno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yes infoby using the rrdcached daemon
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infoSerialization of a DB in a Node.JS/Cordova/PhoneGap environment. Usage of the IndexedDB-API in a browser.yes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnono

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More resources
Google Cloud SpannerH2LokiJSRRDtool
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Recent citations in the news

Google Improves Cloud Spanner: More Compute and Storage without Price Increase
14 October 2023, InfoQ.com

Google turns up the heat on AWS, claims Cloud Spanner is half the cost of DynamoDB
11 October 2023, TechCrunch

Google makes its Cloud Spanner database service faster and more cost-efficient
11 October 2023, SiliconANGLE News

Google Cloud Spanner competes directly with Amazon DynamoDB
12 October 2023, Techzine Europe

More AI Added to Google Cloud's Databases
28 February 2024, Datanami

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LokiJS - A JavaScript Database
18 November 2014, iProgrammer

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9 January 2024, Help Net Security

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15 December 2022, The Daily Swig

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