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DBMS > Google Cloud Spanner vs. H2 vs. HyperSQL vs. Ingres vs. OpenQM

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Spanner vs. H2 vs. HyperSQL vs. Ingres vs. OpenQM

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparisonHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDB  Xexclude from comparisonIngres  Xexclude from comparisonOpenQM infoalso called QM  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.Multithreaded, transactional RDBMS written in Java infoalso known as HSQLDBWell established RDBMSQpenQM is a high-performance, self-tuning, multi-value DBMS
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSMultivalue DBMS
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.89
Rank#103  Overall
#52  Relational DBMS
Score8.13
Rank#49  Overall
#31  Relational DBMS
Score3.49
Rank#87  Overall
#47  Relational DBMS
Score4.11
Rank#81  Overall
#44  Relational DBMS
Score0.27
Rank#298  Overall
#10  Multivalue DBMS
Websitecloud.google.com/­spannerwww.h2database.comhsqldb.orgwww.actian.com/­databases/­ingreswww.rocketsoftware.com/­products/­rocket-multivalue-application-development-platform/­rocket-open-qm
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docswww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmlhsqldb.org/­web/­hsqlDocsFrame.htmldocs.actian.com/­ingres
DeveloperGoogleThomas MuellerActian CorporationRocket Software, originally Martin Phillips
Initial release2017200520011974 infooriginally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s1993
Current release2.2.220, July 20232.7.2, June 202311.2, May 20223.4-12
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)Open Source infobased on BSD licensecommercialOpen Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaJavaC
Server operating systemshostedAll OS with a Java VMAll OS with a Java VM infoEmbedded (into Java applications) and Client-Server operating modesAIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
AIX
FreeBSD
Linux
macOS
Raspberry Pi
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeyesyesyesyesyes infowith some exceptions
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononono infobut tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files availableyes
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011yesyesyesno
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
JDBC
ODBC
HTTP API infoJDBC via HTTP
JDBC
ODBC
.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)
Supported programming languagesGo
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
JavaAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBC
Java
.Net
Basic
C
Java
Objective C
PHP
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined FunctionsJava, SQLyesyes
Triggersnoyesyesyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnonenonehorizontal partitioning infoIngres Star to access multiple databases simultaneouslyyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databasenoneIngres Replicatoryes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityyesyesyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACID infoStrict serializable isolationACIDACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyes infoMVCCyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights can be defined down to the item level

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More resources
Google Cloud SpannerH2HyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDBIngresOpenQM infoalso called QM
Recent citations in the news

Google Improves Cloud Spanner: More Compute and Storage without Price Increase
14 October 2023, InfoQ.com

Google makes its Cloud Spanner database service faster and more cost-efficient
11 October 2023, SiliconANGLE News

Google turns up the heat on AWS, claims Cloud Spanner is half the cost of DynamoDB
11 October 2023, TechCrunch

Google Spanner: When Do You Need to Move to It?
11 September 2023, hackernoon.com

More AI Added to Google Cloud's Databases
28 February 2024, Datanami

provided by Google News

HyperSQL DataBase flaw leaves library vulnerable to RCE
24 October 2022, The Daily Swig

Introduction to JDBC with HSQLDB tutorial
14 November 2022, TheServerSide.com

provided by Google News

Postgres pioneer Michael Stonebraker promises to upend the database once more
26 December 2023, The Register

New startup from Postgres creator puts the database at heart of software stack
12 March 2024, TechCrunch

Actian Launches Ingres as a Fully-Managed Cloud Service
24 September 2021, Integration Developers

PostgreSQL now top developer choice ahead of MySQL, according to massive new survey • DEVCLASS
13 June 2023, DevClass

Dr. Michael Stonebraker: A Short History of Database Systems
1 February 2019, The New Stack

provided by Google News



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