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DBMS > Google Cloud Spanner vs. H2 vs. HarperDB vs. HyperSQL vs. YDB

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Spanner vs. H2 vs. HarperDB vs. HyperSQL vs. YDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparisonHarperDB  Xexclude from comparisonHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDB  Xexclude from comparisonYDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.Ultra-low latency distributed database with an intuitive REST API supporting NoSQL and SQL (including joins). Deployment of functions and databases simultaneously with a consolidated node-level architecture.Multithreaded, transactional RDBMS written in Java infoalso known as HSQLDBA distributed fault-tolerant database service, with high availability, scalability, immediate consistency and ACID transactions and providing an Amazon DynamoDB compatible API
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument storeRelational DBMSDocument store
Relational DBMS
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.84
Rank#100  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Score8.33
Rank#46  Overall
#30  Relational DBMS
Score0.60
Rank#244  Overall
#38  Document stores
Score3.23
Rank#93  Overall
#48  Relational DBMS
Score0.33
Rank#287  Overall
#43  Document stores
#132  Relational DBMS
Websitecloud.google.com/­spannerwww.h2database.comwww.harperdb.iohsqldb.orggithub.com/­ydb-platform/­ydb
ydb.tech
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docswww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmldocs.harperdb.io/­docshsqldb.org/­web/­hsqlDocsFrame.htmlydb.tech/­en/­docs
DeveloperGoogleThomas MuellerHarperDBYandex
Initial release20172005201720012019
Current release2.2.220, July 20233.1, August 20212.7.2, June 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)commercial infofree community edition availableOpen Source infobased on BSD licenseOpen Source infoApache 2.0; commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaNode.jsJava
Server operating systemshostedAll OS with a Java VMLinux
OS X
All OS with a Java VM infoEmbedded (into Java applications) and Client-Server operating modesLinux
Data schemeyesyesdynamic schemayesFlexible Schema (defined schema, partial schema, schema free)
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infoJSON data typesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonononono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011yesSQL-like data manipulation statementsyesSQL-like query language (YQL)
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
JDBC
ODBC
JDBC
ODBC
React Hooks
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
WebSocket
HTTP API infoJDBC via HTTP
JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API (DynamoDB compatible)
Supported programming languagesGo
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Java.Net
C
C#
C++
ColdFusion
D
Dart
Delphi
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
MatLab
Objective C
Perl
PHP
PowerShell
Prolog
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Swift
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC
Java
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined FunctionsCustom Functions infosince release 3.1Java, SQLno
Triggersnoyesnoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnoneA table resides as a whole on one (or more) nodes in a clusternoneSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databaseyes infothe nodes on which a table resides can be definednoneActive-passive shard replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityyesnoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACID infoStrict serializable isolationACIDAtomic execution of specific operationsACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes, using LMDByesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyesyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users and rolesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights defined for Yandex Cloud users

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More resources
Google Cloud SpannerH2HarperDBHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDBYDB
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