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DBMS > Google Cloud Spanner vs. Graphite vs. Ingres vs. Microsoft Azure Table Storage vs. RDF4J

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Spanner vs. Graphite vs. Ingres vs. Microsoft Azure Table Storage vs. RDF4J

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonGraphite  Xexclude from comparisonIngres  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Table Storage  Xexclude from comparisonRDF4J infoformerly known as Sesame  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Data logging and graphing tool for time series data infoThe storage layer (fixed size database) is called WhisperWell established RDBMSA Wide Column Store for rapid development using massive semi-structured datasetsRDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.
Primary database modelRelational DBMSTime Series DBMSRelational DBMSWide column storeRDF store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.89
Rank#103  Overall
#52  Relational DBMS
Score4.57
Rank#73  Overall
#5  Time Series DBMS
Score4.11
Rank#81  Overall
#44  Relational DBMS
Score4.48
Rank#75  Overall
#6  Wide column stores
Score0.69
Rank#230  Overall
#9  RDF stores
Websitecloud.google.com/­spannergithub.com/­graphite-project/­graphite-webwww.actian.com/­databases/­ingresazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­services/­storage/­tablesrdf4j.org
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsgraphite.readthedocs.iodocs.actian.com/­ingresrdf4j.org/­documentation
DeveloperGoogleChris DavisActian CorporationMicrosoftSince 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.
Initial release201720061974 infooriginally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s20122004
Current release11.2, May 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercialcommercialOpen Source infoEclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnonoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languagePythonCJava
Server operating systemshostedLinux
Unix
AIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
hostedLinux
OS X
Unix
Windows
Data schemeyesyesyesschema-freeyes infoRDF Schemas
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesNumeric data onlyyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonono infobut tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files availableno
Secondary indexesyesnoyesnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011noyesnono
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
HTTP API
Sockets
.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)
RESTful HTTP APIJava API
RIO infoRDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL infoSesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL
Supported programming languagesGo
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Java
PHP
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonoyesnoyes
Triggersnonoyesnoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnonehorizontal partitioning infoIngres Star to access multiple databases simultaneouslySharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.noneIngres Replicatoryes infoimplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.none
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencynoneImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integritynoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACID infoStrict serializable isolationnoACIDoptimistic lockingACID infoIsolation support depends on the API used
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes infolockingyes infoMVCCyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes infoin-memory storage is supported as well
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)nofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights based on private key authentication or shared access signaturesno

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More resources
Google Cloud SpannerGraphiteIngresMicrosoft Azure Table StorageRDF4J infoformerly known as Sesame
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