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DBMS > Google Cloud Spanner vs. Graphite vs. Hypertable vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. TerminusDB

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Spanner vs. Graphite vs. Hypertable vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. TerminusDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonGraphite  Xexclude from comparisonHypertable  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonTerminusDB infoformer name was DataChemist  Xexclude from comparison
Hypertable has stopped its further development with March 2016 and is removed from the DB-Engines ranking.
DescriptionA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Data logging and graphing tool for time series data infoThe storage layer (fixed size database) is called WhisperAn open source BigTable implementation based on distributed file systems such as HadoopFully managed big data interactive analytics platformScalable Graph Database platform making enterprise data available by exploiting inferred entities and relationships
Primary database modelRelational DBMSTime Series DBMSWide column storeRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedGraph DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Document store
RDF store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.89
Rank#103  Overall
#52  Relational DBMS
Score4.57
Rank#73  Overall
#5  Time Series DBMS
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Score0.17
Rank#325  Overall
#29  Graph DBMS
Websitecloud.google.com/­spannergithub.com/­graphite-project/­graphite-webazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerterminusdb.com
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsgraphite.readthedocs.iodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerterminusdb.github.io/­terminusdb/­#
DeveloperGoogleChris DavisHypertable Inc.MicrosoftDataChemist Ltd.
Initial release20172006200920192018
Current release0.9.8.11, March 2016cloud service with continuous releases11.0.0, January 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoGNU version 3. Commercial license availablecommercialOpen Source infoGPL V3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnonoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languagePythonC++Prolog, Rust
Server operating systemshostedLinux
Unix
Linux
OS X
Windows infoan inofficial Windows port is available
hostedLinux
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesNumeric data onlynoyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesno
Secondary indexesyesnorestricted infoonly exact value or prefix value scansall fields are automatically indexed
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011nonoKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetSQL-like query language (WOQL)
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
HTTP API
Sockets
C++ API
Thrift
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
OWL
RESTful HTTP API
WOQL (Web Object Query Language)
Supported programming languagesGo
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C++
Java
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
JavaScript
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnononoYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Ryes
Triggersnononoyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnoneShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceGraph Partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.noneselectable replication factor on file system levelyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Journaling Streams
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infousing Google Cloud DataflownoyesSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencynoneImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integritynononoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACID infoStrict serializable isolationnononoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes infolockingyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes infoin-memory journaling
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)nonoAzure Active Directory AuthenticationRole-based access control

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More resources
Google Cloud SpannerGraphiteHypertableMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerTerminusDB infoformer name was DataChemist
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