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DBMS > Google Cloud Spanner vs. GraphDB vs. Raima Database Manager vs. Stardog

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Spanner vs. GraphDB vs. Raima Database Manager vs. Stardog

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIM  Xexclude from comparisonRaima Database Manager infoformerly named db_Vista  Xexclude from comparisonStardog  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Enterprise-ready RDF and graph database with efficient reasoning, cluster and external index synchronization support. It supports also SQL JDBC access to Knowledge Graph and GraphQL over SPARQL.RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into an application or used as a database serverEnterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualization
Primary database modelRelational DBMSGraph DBMS
RDF store
Relational DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Graph DBMS
RDF store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.89
Rank#103  Overall
#52  Relational DBMS
Score3.32
Rank#91  Overall
#6  Graph DBMS
#4  RDF stores
Score0.46
Rank#259  Overall
#120  Relational DBMS
#22  Time Series DBMS
Score2.02
Rank#123  Overall
#11  Graph DBMS
#6  RDF stores
Websitecloud.google.com/­spannerwww.ontotext.comraima.comwww.stardog.com
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsgraphdb.ontotext.com/­documentationdocs.raima.comdocs.stardog.com
Social network pagesLinkedInTwitterYouTubeGitHubMedium
DeveloperGoogleOntotextRaima Inc.Stardog-Union
Initial release2017200019842010
Current release10.4, October 202315, June 20217.3.0, May 2020
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercial infoSome plugins of GraphDB Workbench are open sourcedcommercialcommercial info60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/students
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaCJava
Server operating systemshostedAll OS with a Java VM
Linux
OS X
Windows
Android
HP-UX
Integrity RTOS
iOS
Linux
OS X
QNX
Solaris
VxWorks
Windows
Linux
macOS
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support; RDF shapesyesschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonono infoExporting/Importing of XML structures possibleno infoImport/export of XML data possible
Secondary indexesyesyes, supports real-time synchronization and indexing in SOLR/Elastic search/Lucene and GeoSPARQL geometry data indexesyesyes infosupports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatial
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011stored SPARQL accessed as SQL using Apache Calcite through JDBC/ODBCyesYes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Server
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
GeoSPARQL
GraphQL
GraphQL Federation
Java API
JDBC
RDF4J API
RDFS
RIO
Sail API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL 1.1
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3
Supported programming languagesGo
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
C#
Clojure
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
C
C++
Objective-C
PL/SQL
.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnowell-defined plugin interfaces; JavaScript server-side extensibilityyes infobased on the ANSI/ISO SQL Persistent Stored Modules (PSM) specificationuser defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Java
Triggersnonoyesyes infovia event handlers
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnonehorizontal partitioningnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.Multi-source replicationSource-replica replicationMulti-source replication in HA-Cluster
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency, Eventual consistency (configurable in cluster mode per master or individual client request)Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configurationImmediate Consistency in HA-Cluster
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityyes infoConstraint checkingyesyes inforelationships in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACID infoStrict serializable isolationACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Default Basic authentication through RDF4J client, or via Java when run with cURL, default token-based in the Workbench or via Rest API, optional access through OpenID or Kerberos single sign-on.noAccess rights for users and roles
More information provided by the system vendor
Google Cloud SpannerGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIMRaima Database Manager infoformerly named db_VistaStardog
Specific characteristicsOntotext GraphDB is a semantic database engine that allows organizations to build...
» more
Raima Database Manager (RDM) is an embedded time-series database optimized to run...
» more
Competitive advantagesGraphDB allows you to link text and data in big knowledge graphs. It’s easy to experiment...
» more
Decreased time-to-market Industry-standard interfaces & tools for making your job...
» more
Typical application scenariosMetadata enrichment and management, linked data publishing, semantic inferencing...
» more
Typical use cases include: Internet of Things (IoT) Embedded In-Memory Database Time-Series...
» more
Key customers​ GraphDB provides a platform for building next-generation AI and Knowledge Graph...
» more
Infor, ABB, The Boeing Company, BAE Systems, Dow Jones, Dun & Bradstreet, Fujitsu,...
» more
Market metricsGraphDB is the most utilized semantic triplestore for mission-critical enterprise...
» more
Over 30 000 applications developers worldwide have field-tested RDM products More...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsGraphDB Free is a non-commercial version and is free to use. GraphDB Enterprise edition...
» more
Just as the technical aspects of Raima Database Manager are flexible, so are the...
» more
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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.

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More resources
Google Cloud SpannerGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIMRaima Database Manager infoformerly named db_VistaStardog
Recent citations in the news

Google Improves Cloud Spanner: More Compute and Storage without Price Increase
14 October 2023, InfoQ.com

Google turns up the heat on AWS, claims Cloud Spanner is half the cost of DynamoDB
11 October 2023, TechCrunch

Google makes its Cloud Spanner database service faster and more cost-efficient
11 October 2023, SiliconANGLE News

Google Spanner: When Do You Need to Move to It?
11 September 2023, hackernoon.com

Google Cloud Spanner competes directly with Amazon DynamoDB
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Ontotext's GraphDB Solution is Now Available on the Microsoft Azure Marketplace
16 January 2024, PR Newswire

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24 October 2023, Datanami

Ontotext GraphDB is available on Azure, delivers rich knowledge graph experience
23 January 2024, KMWorld Magazine

Ontotext Platform 3.0 for Enterprise Knowledge Graphs Released
18 December 2019, KDnuggets

It's just semantics: Bulgarian software dev Ontotext squeezes out GraphDB 9.1
15 January 2020, The Register

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Raima re-bundles their Raima Database Manager packages to align with market trends
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