DBMS > Google Cloud Firestore vs. H2 vs. Ingres vs. LokiJS vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Firestore vs. H2 vs. Ingres vs. LokiJS vs. XTDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Cloud Firestore is an auto-scaling document database for storing, syncing, and querying data for mobile and web apps. It offers seamless integration with other Firebase and Google Cloud Platform products.

Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.

Well established RDBMS

In-memory JavaScript DBMS

A general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries

Primary database model

Document store

Relational DBMS

Document store

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	6.63
Rank	#54	Overall
	#9	Document stores

Score	7.57
Rank	#47	Overall
	#30	Relational DBMS

Score	3.63
Rank	#79	Overall
	#43	Relational DBMS

Score	0.44
Rank	#256	Overall
	#40	Document stores

Score	0.13
Rank	#330	Overall
	#45	Document stores

Website

firebase.google.com/products/firestore

www.h2database.com

www.actian.com/databases/ingres

github.com/techfort/LokiJS

github.com/xtdb/xtdb
www.xtdb.com

Technical documentation

firebase.google.com/docs/firestore

www.h2database.com/html/main.html

docs.actian.com/ingres

techfort.github.io/LokiJS

www.xtdb.com/docs

Developer

Google

Thomas Mueller

Actian Corporation

Juxt Ltd.

Initial release

2017

2005

1974

originally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s

2014

2019

Current release

2.2.220, July 2023

12.0, July 2024

1.19, September 2021

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

dual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)

commercial

Open Source

MIT License

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

JavaScript

Clojure

Server operating systems

hosted

All OS with a Java VM

AIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows

server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js)

All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

yes, extensible-data-notation format

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

but tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files available

Secondary indexes

yes

via views

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

limited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite

APIs and other access methods

Android
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
iOS
JavaScript API
RESTful HTTP API

JDBC
ODBC

.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)

JavaScript API

HTTP REST
JDBC

Supported programming languages

Go
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
Python

Java

JavaScript

Clojure
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes, Firebase Rules & Cloud Functions

Java Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functions

yes

View functions in JavaScript

Triggers

yes, with Cloud Functions

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

none

horizontal partitioning

Ingres Star to access multiple databases simultaneously

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a database

Ingres Replicator

none

yes, each node contains all data

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Using Cloud Dataflow

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

none

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

yes

ACID

atomic operations within a single collection possible

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

MVCC

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

Serialization of a DB in a Node.JS/Cordova/PhoneGap environment. Usage of the IndexedDB-API in a browser.

yes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management. Security Rules for 3rd party authentication using Firebase Auth.

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources

DB-Engines blog posts

Cloud-based DBMS's popularity grows at high rates
12 December 2019, Paul Andlinger

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New kids on the block: database management systems implemented in JavaScript
1 December 2014, Matthias Gelbmann

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Recent citations in the news

Realtime vs Cloud Firestore: Which Firebase Database to Choose
8 March 2024, Appinventiv

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1 March 2024, Forbes

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14 May 2024, TechCrunch

NoSQL on the Cloud With Python
7 August 2020, Towards Data Science

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26 March 2020, InfoQ.com

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26 December 2023, The Register

Actian Launches Ingres as a Fully-Managed Cloud Service
24 September 2021, Integration Developers

PostgreSQL now top developer choice ahead of MySQL, according to massive new survey
13 June 2023, DevClass

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LokiJS - A JavaScript Database
18 November 2014, iProgrammer

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