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DBMS > Google Cloud Datastore vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. TigerGraph vs. Vertica

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Datastore vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. TigerGraph vs. Vertica

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NameGoogle Cloud Datastore  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonTigerGraph  Xexclude from comparisonVertica infoOpenText™ Vertica™  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAutomatically scaling NoSQL Database as a Service (DBaaS) on the Google Cloud PlatformFully managed big data interactive analytics platformA complete, distributed, parallel graph computing platform supporting web-scale data analytics in real-timeCloud or off-cloud analytical database and query engine for structured and semi-structured streaming and batch data. Machine learning platform with built-in algorithms, data preparation capabilities, and model evaluation and management via SQL or Python.
Primary database modelDocument storeRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedGraph DBMSRelational DBMS infoColumn oriented
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score4.13
Rank#71  Overall
#12  Document stores
Score3.28
Rank#83  Overall
#45  Relational DBMS
Score1.44
Rank#152  Overall
#14  Graph DBMS
Score9.62
Rank#42  Overall
#26  Relational DBMS
Websitecloud.google.com/­datastoreazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerwww.tigergraph.comwww.vertica.com
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­datastore/­docsdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerdocs.tigergraph.comvertica.com/­documentation
DeveloperGoogleMicrosoftOpenText infopreviously Micro Focus and Hewlett Packard
Initial release2008201920172005
Current releasecloud service with continuous releases12.0.3, January 2023
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercialcommercialcommercial infoLimited community edition free
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesyesnono infoon-premises, all major clouds - Amazon AWS, Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud Platform and containers
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++C++
Server operating systemshostedhostedLinuxLinux
Data schemeschema-freeFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yesYes, but also semi-structure/unstructured data storage, and complex hierarchical data (like Parquet) stored and/or queried.
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyes, details hereyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesnono
Secondary indexesyesall fields are automatically indexedNo Indexes Required. Different internal optimization strategy, but same functionality included.
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like query language (GQL)Kusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetSQL-like query language (GSQL)Full 1999 standard plus machine learning, time series and geospatial. Over 650 functions.
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
GSQL (TigerGraph Query Language)
Kafka
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
ADO.NET
JDBC
Kafka Connector
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
Spark Connector
vSQL infocharacter-based, interactive, front-end utility
Supported programming languages.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
C++
Java
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresusing Google App EngineYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Ryesyes, PostgreSQL PL/pgSQL, with minor differences
TriggersCallbacks using the Google Apps Engineyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicynoyes, called Custom Alerts
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicehorizontal partitioning, hierarchical partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication using Paxosyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Multi-source replication infoOne, or more copies of data replicated across nodes, or object-store used for repository.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infousing Google Cloud DataflowSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkyesno infoBi-directional Spark integration
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on type of query and configuration infoStrong Consistency is default for entity lookups and queries within an Entity Group (but can instead be made eventually consistent). Other queries are always eventual consistent.Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infovia ReferenceProperties or Ancestor pathsnoyes infoRelationships in graphsyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACID infoSerializable Isolation within Transactions, Read Committed outside of TransactionsnoACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nononono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Azure Active Directory AuthenticationRole-based access controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard; supports Kerberos, LDAP, Ident and hash

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More resources
Google Cloud DatastoreMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerTigerGraphVertica infoOpenText™ Vertica™
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