DBMS > Google Cloud Datastore vs. LevelDB vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. RDF4J vs. Tkrzw

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Datastore vs. LevelDB vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. RDF4J vs. Tkrzw

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Automatically scaling NoSQL Database as a Service (DBaaS) on the Google Cloud Platform

Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string values

Globally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database service

RDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.

A concept of libraries, allowing an application program to store and query key-value pairs in a file. Successor of Tokyo Cabinet and Kyoto Cabinet

Primary database model

Document store

Key-value store

Document store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store

RDF store

Key-value store

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	4.47
Rank	#76	Overall
	#12	Document stores

Score	2.35
Rank	#111	Overall
	#19	Key-value stores

Score	29.04
Rank	#27	Overall
	#4	Document stores
	#2	Graph DBMS
	#3	Key-value stores
	#3	Wide column stores

Score	0.69
Rank	#230	Overall
	#9	RDF stores

Score	0.00
Rank	#383	Overall
	#60	Key-value stores

Website

cloud.google.com/datastore

github.com/google/leveldb

azure.microsoft.com/services/cosmos-db

rdf4j.org

dbmx.net/tkrzw

Technical documentation

cloud.google.com/datastore/docs

github.com/google/leveldb/blob/main/doc/index.md

learn.microsoft.com/azure/cosmos-db

rdf4j.org/documentation

Developer

Google

Microsoft

Since 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.

Mikio Hirabayashi

Initial release

2008

2011

2014

2004

2020

Current release

1.23, February 2021

0.9.3, August 2020

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

BSD

commercial

Open Source

Eclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

Java

C++

Server operating systems

hosted

Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows

hosted

Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows

Linux
macOS

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

RDF Schemas

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes, details here

yes

JSON types

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

yes

All properties auto-indexed by default

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like query language (GQL)

SQL-like query language

APIs and other access methods

gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

DocumentDB API
Graph API (Gremlin)
MongoDB API
RESTful HTTP API
Table API

Java API
RIO

RDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL

Sesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL

Supported programming languages

.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

C++
Go
Java

3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js)

3rd party binding
Python

3rd party binding

.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages
Python

Java
PHP
Python

C++
Java
Python
Ruby

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

using Google App Engine

JavaScript

yes

Triggers

Callbacks using the Google Apps Engine

JavaScript

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

none

Sharding

Implicit feature of the cloud service

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication using Paxos

none

yes

Implicit feature of the cloud service

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

using Google Cloud Dataflow

with Hadoop integration

Integration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure*

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on type of query and configuration

Strong Consistency is default for entity lookups and queries within an Entity Group (but can instead be made eventually consistent). Other queries are always eventual consistent.

Immediate Consistency

Bounded Staleness
Consistent Prefix
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Consistency level configurable on request level
Session Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

via ReferenceProperties or Ancestor paths

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Serializable Isolation within Transactions, Read Committed outside of Transactions

Multi-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partition

ACID

Isolation support depends on the API used

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

with automatic compression on writes

yes

in-memory storage is supported as well

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

using specific database classes

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)

Access rights can be defined down to the item level

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