DBMS > Google BigQuery vs. SAP HANA vs. Spark SQL vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison Google BigQuery vs. SAP HANA vs. Spark SQL vs. XTDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Large scale data warehouse service with append-only tables

In-memory, column based data store. Available as appliance or cloud service

Spark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processing

A general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Document store

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS

with SAP Hana, Enterprise Edition
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	58.10
Rank	#19	Overall
	#13	Relational DBMS

Score	44.27
Rank	#23	Overall
	#16	Relational DBMS

Score	18.04
Rank	#33	Overall
	#20	Relational DBMS

Score	0.18
Rank	#332	Overall
	#46	Document stores

Website

cloud.google.com/bigquery

www.sap.com/products/hana.html

spark.apache.org/sql

github.com/xtdb/xtdb
www.xtdb.com

Technical documentation

cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs

help.sap.com/hana

spark.apache.org/docs/latest/sql-programming-guide.html

www.xtdb.com/docs

Developer

Google

SAP

Apache Software Foundation

Juxt Ltd.

Initial release

2010

2014

2019

Current release

2.0 SPS07 (April 4, 2023), April 2023

3.5.0 ( 2.13), September 2023

1.19, September 2021

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

MIT License

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

also available as a cloud based service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

Scala

Clojure

Server operating systems

hosted

Appliance or cloud-service

Linux
OS X
Windows

All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

yes, extensible-data-notation format

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

limited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite

APIs and other access methods

RESTful HTTP/JSON API

JDBC
ODBC

HTTP REST
JDBC

Supported programming languages

.Net
Java
JavaScript
Objective-C
PHP
Python
Ruby

Java
Python
R
Scala

Clojure
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

in JavaScript

SQLScript, R

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

yes

yes, utilizing Spark Core

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes

none

yes, each node contains all data

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

Since BigQuery is designed for querying data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

yes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access privileges (owner, writer, reader) on dataset, table or view level

Google Cloud Identity & Access Management (IAM)

yes

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