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DBMS > GBase vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. RDFox vs. SAP Advantage Database Server

System Properties Comparison GBase vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. RDFox vs. SAP Advantage Database Server

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGBase  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonRDFox  Xexclude from comparisonSAP Advantage Database Server infoformer name: Sybase ADS  Xexclude from comparison
SAP Advantage Database Server seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionWidely used RDBMS in China, including analytical, transactional, distributed transactional, and cloud-native data warehousing.A horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Fully managed big data interactive analytics platformHigh performance knowledge graph and semantic reasoning engineLow-cost RDBMS with access to ISAM and FoxPro data structures
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedGraph DBMS
RDF store
Relational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Relational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.05
Rank#186  Overall
#86  Relational DBMS
Score2.84
Rank#100  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Score3.80
Rank#81  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Score0.29
Rank#300  Overall
#24  Graph DBMS
#13  RDF stores
Websitewww.gbase.cncloud.google.com/­spannerazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerwww.oxfordsemantic.techwww.sap.com/products/advantage-database-server.html
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerdocs.oxfordsemantic.tech
DeveloperGeneral Data Technology Co., Ltd.GoogleMicrosoftOxford Semantic TechnologiesSybase, SAP
Initial release20042017201920171993
Current releaseGBase 8a, GBase 8s, GBase 8ccloud service with continuous releases6.0, Septermber 2022
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercialcommercialcommercialcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC, Java, PythonC++
Server operating systemsLinuxhostedhostedLinux
macOS
Windows
Linux
Windows
Data schemeyesyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yes infoRDF schemasyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnoyesno
Secondary indexesyesyesall fields are automatically indexedyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLStandard with numerous extensionsyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011Kusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetnoyes
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
C API
JDBC
ODBC
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL 1.1
.NET Client API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Supported programming languagesC#Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
C
Java
Delphi
Perl
PHP
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functionsnoYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Ryes
Triggersyesnoyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodeshorizontal partitioning (by range, list and hash) and vertical partitioningShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.yes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.replication via a shared file systemMulti-source replication infoCONFLICT Trigger to resolve replication conflicts
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infousing Google Cloud DataflowSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode, Eventual Consistency in replicated setupsImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integritynoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACID infoStrict serializable isolationnoACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyesno infocaching of (temporary) tables can be configured
User concepts infoAccess controlyesAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Azure Active Directory AuthenticationRoles, resources, and access typesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
GBaseGoogle Cloud SpannerMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerRDFoxSAP Advantage Database Server infoformer name: Sybase ADS
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