DBMS > Firebird vs. Lovefield vs. RDF4J vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison Firebird vs. Lovefield vs. RDF4J vs. ToroDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.

Description

Firebird is an open source RDBMS forked from Borland's InterBase

Embeddable relational database for web apps written in pure JavaScript

RDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.

A MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

RDF store

Document store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	20.82
Rank	#30	Overall
	#18	Relational DBMS

Score	0.29
Rank	#293	Overall
	#133	Relational DBMS

Score	0.69
Rank	#230	Overall
	#9	RDF stores

Website

www.firebirdsql.org

google.github.io/lovefield

rdf4j.org

github.com/torodb/server

Technical documentation

www.firebirdsql.org/en/reference-manuals

github.com/google/lovefield/blob/master/docs/spec_index.md

rdf4j.org/documentation

Developer

Firebird Foundation

Google

Since 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.

8Kdata

Initial release

2000

As fork of Borland's InterBase

2014

2004

2016

Current release

5.0.0, January 2024

2.1.12, February 2017

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Initial Developer's Public License

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

Eclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.

Open Source

AGPL-V3

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C and C++

JavaScript

Java

Server operating systems

AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
server-less

Firebird Embedded Server
Solaris
Unix
Windows

server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js)

tested with Chrome, Firefox, IE, Safari

Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows

All OS with a Java 7 VM

Data scheme

yes

RDF Schemas

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

string, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

SQL-like query language

via JavaScript builder pattern

APIs and other access methods

ADO.NET
C/C++ API
JDBC

Jaybird
ODBC
OLE DB

Java API
RIO

RDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL

Sesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL

Supported programming languages

C
C#
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript

Node.js
Lua
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby

JavaScript

Java
PHP
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

PSQL

yes

Triggers

yes

Using read-only observers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Source-replica replication

none

Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Isolation support depends on the API used

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Features a multi-generational MVCC architecture, readers do not block writers

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

yes, by using IndexedDB or the cloud service Firebase Realtime Database

yes

in-memory storage is supported as well

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

using MemoryDB

User concepts

Access control

Users with fine-grained authorization concept

Access rights for users and roles

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