DBMS > Firebase Realtime Database vs. RethinkDB vs. Snowflake vs. TDengine vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison Firebase Realtime Database vs. RethinkDB vs. Snowflake vs. TDengine vs. Virtuoso

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Cloud-hosted realtime document store. iOS, Android, and JavaScript clients share one Realtime Database instance and automatically receive updates with the newest data.

DBMS for the Web with a mechanism to push updated query results to applications in realtime.

Cloud-based data warehousing service for structured and semi-structured data

Time Series DBMS and big data platform

Virtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs

Primary database model

Document store

Relational DBMS

Time Series DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

Relational DBMS

Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	14.29
Rank	#39	Overall
	#6	Document stores

Score	2.74
Rank	#105	Overall
	#19	Document stores

Score	121.33
Rank	#9	Overall
	#6	Relational DBMS

Score	2.60
Rank	#107	Overall
	#8	Time Series DBMS

Score	4.26
Rank	#78	Overall
	#13	Document stores
	#4	Graph DBMS
	#2	Native XML DBMS
	#42	Relational DBMS
	#2	RDF stores
	#9	Search engines

Website

firebase.google.com/products/realtime-database

rethinkdb.com

www.snowflake.com

github.com/taosdata/TDengine
tdengine.com

virtuoso.openlinksw.com

Technical documentation

firebase.google.com/docs/database

rethinkdb.com/docs

docs.snowflake.net/manuals/index.html

docs.tdengine.com

docs.openlinksw.com/virtuoso

Developer

Google

acquired by Google 2014

The Linux Foundation

since July 2017

Snowflake Computing Inc.

TDEngine, previously Taos Data

OpenLink Software

Initial release

2012

2009

2014

2019

1998

Current release

2.4.1, August 2020

3.0, August 2022

7.2.11, September 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2

commercial

Open Source

AGPL V3, also commercial editions available

Open Source

GPLv2, extended commercial license available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

Server operating systems

hosted

Linux
OS X
Windows

hosted

Linux
Windows

AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

support of semi-structured data formats (JSON, XML, Avro)

yes

SQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

string, binary, float, bool, date, geometry

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

Standard SQL with extensions for time-series applications

yes

SQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX

APIs and other access methods

Android
iOS
JavaScript API
RESTful HTTP API

CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC

JDBC
RESTful HTTP API

ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT

Supported programming languages

Java
JavaScript
Objective-C

community-supported driver
C#

community-supported driver
C++

community-supported driver
Clojure

community-supported driver
Dart

community-supported driver
Erlang

community-supported driver
Go

community-supported driver
Haskell

community-supported driver
Java

official driver
JavaScript (Node.js)

official driver
Lisp

community-supported driver
Lua

community-supported driver
Objective-C

community-supported driver
Perl

community-supported driver
PHP

community-supported driver
Python

official driver
Ruby

official driver
Scala

community-supported driver

JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

C
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Rust

.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

limited functionality with using 'rules'

user defined functions

yes

Virtuoso PL

Triggers

Callbacks are triggered when data changes

Client-side triggers through changefeeds

similar concept for controling cloud resources

yes, via alarm monitoring

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

range based

yes

Sharding

yes

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Source-replica replication

yes

Chain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency

if the client is offline
Immediate Consistency

if the client is online

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

yes

Atomic single-document operations

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

MVCC based

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

yes, based on authentication and database rules

yes

users and table-level permissions

Users with fine-grained authorization concept, user roles and pluggable authentication

yes

Fine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

TDengine™ is a next generation data historian purpose-built for Industry 4.0 and...
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Virtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
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Competitive advantages

High Performance at any Scale: TDengine is purpose-built for handling massive industrial...
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Performance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
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Typical application scenarios

TDengine is designed for Industrial IoT scenarios, including: Manufacturing Connected...
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Used for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
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Key customers

Broad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
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Market metrics

TDengine has garnered over 22,500 stars on GitHub and is used in over 50 countries...
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Largest installed-base of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
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Licensing and pricing models

TDengine OSS is an open source, cloud native time series database. It includes built-in...
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Available in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
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News

Seamless Data Integration from MQTT and InfluxDB to TDengine
22 May 2024

Solving Long Query Performance Bottlenecks
22 May 2024

What Is Predictive Maintenance?
17 May 2024

Can Typical Time-Series Databases Replace Data Historians?
8 May 2024

TDengine 3.3.0.0 Release Notes
7 May 2024

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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.