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DBMS > Firebase Realtime Database vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. MarkLogic vs. Stardog

System Properties Comparison Firebase Realtime Database vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. MarkLogic vs. Stardog

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameFirebase Realtime Database  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonMarkLogic  Xexclude from comparisonStardog  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionCloud-hosted realtime document store. iOS, Android, and JavaScript clients share one Realtime Database instance and automatically receive updates with the newest data.A horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Operational and transactional Enterprise NoSQL databaseEnterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualization
Primary database modelDocument storeRelational DBMSDocument store
Native XML DBMS
RDF store infoas of version 7
Search engine
Graph DBMS
RDF store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score13.64
Rank#39  Overall
#6  Document stores
Score2.84
Rank#100  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Score5.18
Rank#63  Overall
#11  Document stores
#1  Native XML DBMS
#1  RDF stores
#7  Search engines
Score2.07
Rank#122  Overall
#11  Graph DBMS
#6  RDF stores
Websitefirebase.google.com/­products/­realtime-databasecloud.google.com/­spannerwww.progress.com/­marklogicwww.stardog.com
Technical documentationfirebase.google.com/­docs/­databasecloud.google.com/­spanner/­docswww.progress.com/­marklogic/­documentationdocs.stardog.com
DeveloperGoogle infoacquired by Google 2014GoogleMarkLogic Corp.Stardog-Union
Initial release2012201720012010
Current release11.0, December 20227.3.0, May 2020
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercialcommercial inforestricted free version is availablecommercial info60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/students
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++Java
Server operating systemshostedhostedLinux
OS X
Windows
Linux
macOS
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeyesschema-free infoSchema can be enforcedschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesno infoImport/export of XML data possible
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes infosupports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatial
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011yes infoSQL92Yes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Server
APIs and other access methodsAndroid
iOS
JavaScript API
RESTful HTTP API
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
Java API
Node.js Client API
ODBC
proprietary Optic API infoProprietary Query API, introduced with version 9
RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL
WebDAV
XDBC
XQuery
XSLT
GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3
Supported programming languagesJava
JavaScript
Objective-C
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored procedureslimited functionality with using 'rules'noyes infovia XQuery or JavaScriptuser defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Java
TriggersCallbacks are triggered when data changesnoyesyes infovia event handlers
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.yesMulti-source replication in HA-Cluster
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflowyes infovia Hadoop Connector, HDFS Direct Access and in-database MapReduce jobsno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency infoif the client is offline
Immediate Consistency infoif the client is online
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency in HA-Cluster
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integritynoyes inforelationships in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datayesACID infoStrict serializable isolationACID infocan act as a resource manager in an XA/JTA transactionACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes, with Range Indexesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlyes, based on authentication and database rulesAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Role-based access control at the document and subdocument levelsAccess rights for users and roles

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More resources
Firebase Realtime DatabaseGoogle Cloud SpannerMarkLogicStardog
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