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DBMS > Firebase Realtime Database vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Lovefield vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. Spark SQL

System Properties Comparison Firebase Realtime Database vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Lovefield vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. Spark SQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameFirebase Realtime Database  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonLovefield  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparisonSpark SQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionCloud-hosted realtime document store. iOS, Android, and JavaScript clients share one Realtime Database instance and automatically receive updates with the newest data.A horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Embeddable relational database for web apps written in pure JavaScriptElastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL ServerSpark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processing
Primary database modelDocument storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score13.64
Rank#39  Overall
#6  Document stores
Score2.84
Rank#100  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Score0.33
Rank#286  Overall
#131  Relational DBMS
Score19.93
Rank#31  Overall
#19  Relational DBMS
Score18.04
Rank#33  Overall
#20  Relational DBMS
Websitefirebase.google.com/­products/­realtime-databasecloud.google.com/­spannergoogle.github.io/­lovefieldazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analyticsspark.apache.org/­sql
Technical documentationfirebase.google.com/­docs/­databasecloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsgithub.com/­google/­lovefield/­blob/­master/­docs/­spec_index.mddocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analyticsspark.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­sql-programming-guide.html
DeveloperGoogle infoacquired by Google 2014GoogleGoogleMicrosoftApache Software Foundation
Initial release20122017201420162014
Current release2.1.12, February 20173.5.0 ( 2.13), September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialcommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesyesnoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJavaScriptC++Scala
Server operating systemshostedhostedserver-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js) infotested with Chrome, Firefox, IE, SafarihostedLinux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeyesyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonononono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011SQL-like query language infovia JavaScript builder patternyesSQL-like DML and DDL statements
APIs and other access methodsAndroid
iOS
JavaScript API
RESTful HTTP API
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesJava
JavaScript
Objective-C
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
JavaScriptC#
Java
PHP
Java
Python
R
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored procedureslimited functionality with using 'rules'nonoTransact SQLno
TriggersCallbacks are triggered when data changesnoUsing read-only observersnono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnoneSharding, horizontal partitioningyes, utilizing Spark Core
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.noneyesnone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency infoif the client is offline
Immediate Consistency infoif the client is online
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityyesno infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraintsno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datayesACID infoStrict serializable isolationACIDACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes, by using IndexedDB or the cloud service Firebase Realtime Databaseyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes infousing MemoryDBno
User concepts infoAccess controlyes, based on authentication and database rulesAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)noyesno

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More resources
Firebase Realtime DatabaseGoogle Cloud SpannerLovefieldMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data WarehouseSpark SQL
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