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DBMS > Firebase Realtime Database vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. H2 vs. Spark SQL

System Properties Comparison Firebase Realtime Database vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. H2 vs. Spark SQL

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameFirebase Realtime Database  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparisonSpark SQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionCloud-hosted realtime document store. iOS, Android, and JavaScript clients share one Realtime Database instance and automatically receive updates with the newest data.A horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.Spark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processing
Primary database modelDocument storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score14.29
Rank#39  Overall
#6  Document stores
Score2.89
Rank#103  Overall
#52  Relational DBMS
Score8.13
Rank#49  Overall
#31  Relational DBMS
Score18.96
Rank#33  Overall
#20  Relational DBMS
Websitefirebase.google.com/­products/­realtime-databasecloud.google.com/­spannerwww.h2database.comspark.apache.org/­sql
Technical documentationfirebase.google.com/­docs/­databasecloud.google.com/­spanner/­docswww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmlspark.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­sql-programming-guide.html
DeveloperGoogle infoacquired by Google 2014GoogleThomas MuellerApache Software Foundation
Initial release2012201720052014
Current release2.2.220, July 20233.5.0 ( 2.13), September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialcommercialOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)Open Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaScala
Server operating systemshostedhostedAll OS with a Java VMLinux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011yesSQL-like DML and DDL statements
APIs and other access methodsAndroid
iOS
JavaScript API
RESTful HTTP API
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
JDBC
ODBC
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesJava
JavaScript
Objective-C
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
JavaJava
Python
R
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored procedureslimited functionality with using 'rules'noJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functionsno
TriggersCallbacks are triggered when data changesnoyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnoneyes, utilizing Spark Core
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databasenone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflowno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency infoif the client is offline
Immediate Consistency infoif the client is online
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datayesACID infoStrict serializable isolationACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlyes, based on authentication and database rulesAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardno

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More resources
Firebase Realtime DatabaseGoogle Cloud SpannerH2Spark SQL
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