DBMS > Elasticsearch vs. NebulaGraph vs. OpenSearch vs. SpaceTime

System Properties Comparison Elasticsearch vs. NebulaGraph vs. OpenSearch vs. SpaceTime

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

A distributed, RESTful modern search and analytics engine based on Apache Lucene

Elasticsearch lets you perform and combine many types of searches such as structured, unstructured, geo, and metric

A distributed, linear scalable, high perfomant Graph DBMS

A distributed, RESTful search and analytics engine forked from Elasticsearch and based on Apache Lucene

SpaceTime is a spatio-temporal DBMS with a focus on performance.

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Document store
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS

Vector DBMS

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	132.83
Rank	#7	Overall
	#1	Search engines

Score	2.23
Rank	#116	Overall
	#10	Graph DBMS

Score	16.03
Rank	#37	Overall
	#4	Search engines

Score	0.03
Rank	#392	Overall
	#8	Spatial DBMS

Website

www.elastic.co/elasticsearch

github.com/vesoft-inc/nebula
www.nebula-graph.io

github.com/opensearch-project
opensearch.org

www.mireo.com/spacetime

Technical documentation

www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/index.html

docs.nebula-graph.io

opensearch.org/docs/latest

Developer

Elastic

Vesoft Inc.

Amazon Web Services

Mireo

Initial release

2010

2019

2021

2020

Current release

8.6, January 2023

2.5.0, January 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Elastic License

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0 + Common Clause 1.0

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

STACKIT OpenSearch offers OpenSearch in a managed version in enterprise grade, 100% GDPR-compliant, for a wide range of applications like analytics, website search, offering scalability and fast data access.
Aiven for OpenSearch: Fully managed open source search and analytics suite. Out-of-the-box integrations get you up and running in a couple of clicks.

Implementation language

Java

C++

Java

C++

Server operating systems

All OS with a Java VM

Linux

All OS with a Java VM

Linux

Data scheme

schema-free

Flexible type definitions. Once a type is defined, it is persistent

Strong typed schema

schema-free

Flexible type definitions. Once a type is defined, it is persistent

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

yes

All search fields are automatically indexed

yes

Nebula Graph internally uses the Key-Value store RocksDB for persistency. The vertices, edges, and their properties are stored as Key while their values are stored as Value. The primary indexes are per Key and secondary indexes are per Value.

yes

All search fields are automatically indexed

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like query language

A subset of ANSI SQL is implemented

APIs and other access methods

Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

Browser interface
console (shell)
Cypher Query Language
GO Object Graph Mapper
Java Object Graph Mapper
NGBatis

ORM framework for NebulaGraph and Spring-Boot
Proprietary native API
Python Object Graph Mapper
Query language nGQL

Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

RESTful HTTP API

Supported programming languages

.Net
Groovy
Community Contributed Clients
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby

.Net
C++
Go
Java
PHP
Python

Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

Elasticsearch client

C#
C++
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions

yes

Triggers

yes

by using the 'percolation' feature

yes

by using the 'percolation' feature

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

Fixed-grid hypercubes

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes

Causal Clustering using Raft protocol

yes

Real-time block device replication (DRBD)

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

ES-Hadoop Connector

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency

Synchronous doc based replication. Get by ID may show delays up to 1 sec. Configurable write consistency: one, quorum, all

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Synchronous doc based replication. Get by ID may show delays up to 1 sec. Configurable write consistency: one, quorum, all

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Relationships in graphs

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

using RocksDB

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

Memcached and Redis integration

yes

User concepts

Access control

Role-based access control

yes

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

NebulaGraph is a truly distributed, linearly scalable, lightning-fast graph database,...
» more

OpenSearch is a highly scalable and extensible open-source software suite for search,...
» more

Competitive advantages

NebulaGraph boasts the world's only graph database solution that is able to host...
» more

Distributed as fully open source under Apache License, Version 2.0 (ALv2), OpenSearch...
» more

Typical application scenarios

Social networking Fraud detection Knowledge graph Data warehouse management Anti...
» more

The OpenSearch platform is used across a broad range of search , analytics, and observability...
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Key customers

Companies from a variety of industries have implemented NebulaGraph Database in production,...
» more

Market metrics

At our very early stage, NebulaGraph has already received over 10,000 stars on GitHub...
» more

Licensing and pricing models

NebulaGraph is open source and free to use under Apache 2.0 license.
» more

The OpenSearch Project offers open source software licensed under Apache License...
» more

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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.